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1卷 / 1期

1卷 / 1期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-23

論文名稱

能高山地區地質環境之遙測研究

Title

A Remote Sensing Study on the Geological Environment in NengKaoShan Areas

作者

劉進金 , 張寶堂 , 黃金鴻 , 彭淼祥 , 李元炎

Author

JK Liu , PT Chang , CH Huang , MS Perng , YY Lee

中文摘要

本文是農委會遙測小組資助之「遙測技術應用於高山地質環境研究計畫」之部份工作成果。研究區在花蓮新城至壽豐與南投梨山至卡社山之間海拔 1,500 公尺以上之山區,面積約 1,700 平方公里,以 3262 公尺的能高山居研究區之中央,為中央山脈稜線上之山峰。該區為本省地震與地體構造單元上較活躍地區之一,地質上屬於中央山脈地質區,露出地層有古生代晚期至中生代之大南澳片岩,以及古第三紀變質至亞變質岩之畢祿山層與廬山層。本研究發現研究區有大小規模山崩高達 4000 餘處。根據衛星影像及航照之地形特徵、色調、水系變化及線型等特性之綜合研判,研究區可分為八個岩性單位,分別為 Y 層、S 層、 K 層、 T 層、 TM層、 Eh層、M層及 Qa 層。其中 K 層出露大致以三棧溪為界。Y 層則在沙婆礑溪以南露出。研究區中發現數條線型構造,其代表意義值得進一步調查。野外查核也嘗試利用 GPS 定點查核作業,初步發現效果良好。

Abstract

Due to the low accessibility of high mountains in Taiwan, there is little knowledge of the geologic conditions in these areas. This paper is a part of the study sponsored by Remote Sensing Development Committee of Agriculture Council to collect geologic information in NengKaoShan Area, with a size around 1700 square kilometers. The area covers also a part of the ridge line of Central Mountain Range. The results show that there are more than 4000 landslides in this area. The area is in the Central Mountain Geologic Province with two old geologic formations, i.e. The Tananao Schists and Bilusan/Lusan Formation. The Tananao Shists Formation (incl. Taluko Belt and Yuli Belt) spans from Paeleozoic to Mesozoic time. The Pilushan/Lushan Formation was in Paeleo-Tertiary Period. Eight lithologic units can be readily identified from both the satellite images and aerial photographs. They are denotated as Y, S, K, T, TM, Eh, M, and Qa. The K unit exists to the noth of SanChanSi, whereas the Y unit takes place to the south of SaPoDan­Si. In this year, GPS is used to position the outcrop when field works were conducted. It is concluded that GPS linked to a notebook computer is a good tool for improving the efficiency and potentially an important tool for automating field work.

關鍵字

遙測、地質環境、高山

Keywords

remote sensing, geological environment, high mountain

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

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備註說明

這是說明一

Pages:

25-36

論文名稱

林木材積調查在不同取樣設計暨不同地面樣區測計方法之優劣點比較

Title

Comparison Study on Forest Survey Among Four Different Sampling Designs and Five Field Enumeration Methods

作者

吳英陵

Author

Yin-Lin Wu

中文摘要

依林型分層的三種取樣設計及簡單逢機取樣設計,在 95% 機率水準 10%取樣誤差設定前題下,均以水平樣點係數值為 2 之水平樣點最為節省調查時間及費用,係數值為4 者次之,再依次分別為 0.0125 公頃、 0.0250 公頃之圓形樣區,並以 0.05 公頃圓形樣區者最差。調查地區模擬比例擴大為一萬公頃及十萬公頃,甚至調查地區十萬公頃取樣誤差降為 20% ,亦得同樣研究結果。 純就最佳地面測計方法,即係數值為 2 之水平樣點而言,三種不同設計之分層逢機取樣設計均較簡單逢機取樣設計節省調查時間(費用),其中並以依針葉林、針闊葉混淆林及闊葉林之三層逢機取樣法所需調查時間(費用)最為節省,此項結果不隨調查地區增大為一萬公頃或十萬公頃有所不同。

Abstract

Both the simple random sampling and three forms of forest-type oriented stratified random sampling are the four designs in this comparison study. Samewise, three forms of circular plot sampling, i.e. 0.0125ha, 0.0250ha and 0.0500ha, and two forms of horizontal point sampling i.e. BAF4 and BAF2, are enumerated with the common center or point in every observations. The 140 observations are allocated to the strata according to the degree of precision desired for the particular strata, i.e. 32 for conifer-hardwood plantation, 48 for coniferplantation, 20 for natural hardwood forest, 40 for natural conifer forest. For time and cost concerned, the two forms of horizontal point sampling are superior to three kinds of circular plot sampling whatever the simple random sampling design or strati­fied random sampling design might be; Among the sampling designs, the horizontal point sampling of BAF 2 is the best, hori zontal sampling of BAF 4 comes next and the circular plot sampling of 0.050ha be the worst; Compared with the simple random sampling, three forms of stra tified random sampling gain in time/cost in corresponding form of horizontal point sampling respectively. The "R1" (BAF2) on 3-stratum stratification is with the least survey time/cost among four different sampling designs and five field enumeration methods.

關鍵字

航空測量、航照判釋、分層逢機取樣、地面測計方法

Keywords

Aerial survey, Photo interpretation, Stratified random sampling, Field enumeration methods

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

37-57

論文名稱

空載合成口徑雷達影像定平面位置之先期研究

Title

Preliminary Research on Horizontal Positioning with Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

作者

吳究 , 張奇 , 林德誠

Author

Joz Wu , Chi Chang , De-Chen Lin

中文摘要

合成口徑雷達(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)為不受天候及晝夜限制的主動式微波偵測系統,無論在民事或軍事上,利用 SAR 技術製作高解析力影像,即成為重要遙測資料的來源。 在對側視雷達影像之成像原理與幾何、輻射特性做簡短說明後,吾人描述雷達測量條件式之建立,及選擇二次多項式與線性預估模式,來描述隨時間而變化的外方位參數。並引用斜距方向上線性的比例尺模式一同參與 SAR 影像定平面位置之探討。 實驗區選在中壢市附近,涵蓋範圍約為 12公里乘 12公里,其間最大高程差為40公尺。此雷達影像為南北航向,像比例尺約為1/39,047,實驗區影像同名點之選取是在HP735工作站下X-VIEW軟體中所量測,而所對應的地面點坐標則是數化二度分帶1/5,000 基本圖,最後以檢核點坐標的均方根誤差,作為定位精度評估的標準。

Abstract

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active microwave detection system which can be used day or night and rain or shine. For both civilian and military concerns, high - resolution imagery resulting from SAR represents an important source of remotely sensed data. At first, basics on the forming of SAR imagery and its geometric and radiometric characteristics are explained. Next, we describe the radargrammetric conditions while adopting, respectively, second-order and linear prediction modeling for the time-varying exterior orientation parameters. A linear scale factor is utilized in cross-track ranging direction for the horizontal positioning of points on the ground with the SAR imagery. An experiment area, about 12 km by 12 km was selected near Chungli City; the maxi­mum height difference was 40 meters. Flight direction was north and south; an image scale estimated at 1/39,047. Conjugate points on the image were measured with X-VIEW of an HP735 Workstation. The corresponding object-space points were digitized on 1/5,000 or­thophoto maps. At the end,the root mean square errors of independenf check points serve as the indices of our accuracy evaluation.

關鍵字

合成口徑雷達、雷達測量學

Keywords

Synthetic Aperture Radar, Radargrammetry

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

59-68

論文名稱

小波數學函數與理論輔助小面立體視覺法進行快速物面重組

Title

Fast Object Surface Reconstruction Using the Method of Facets Stereo Vision Aided by Wavelets

作者

蔡展榮

Author

Jaan-Rong Tsay

中文摘要

小面立體視覺(Facets stereo vision)是一種使用數位影像資料來自動重組物體表面的幾何性資料(數值地形模型)及輻射性資料(數值正射影像)之方法。此法可行嚴密的誤差計算並具有整合像空間與物空間的各式資料與條件以提高物面重組精度等多項優點。然而,計算量大、費時,乃其缺點。本文扼要地略述由小波數學函數與理論發展出來的正交物體表面灰度值模式、及新的計算程序,俾使法方程式中對應於物表灰度值模式參數之子矩陣變得非常簡單,如此可增快計算速度並使重組大計算窗內的物體表面成為可行,亦可增加物面重組使用的影像訊息量(例如:紋理),縮減大區域物面重組的計算時間。使用這個正交物表灰度值模式,每一個高程網格可包含 2x2個像元,此一高解析度高程網格可用以表達較精確的物表高程面。以航測影像(比例尺 1:4000,像元大小15μm)實驗結果顯示,使用這個新模式與新計算程序,小面立體視覺法具有 0.2~0.6像元高精度物面重組的能力。

Abstract

'Facets stereo vision' is a method for the automatic and simultaneous reconstruction of the geometrical and radiometrical object surface using digital image data. It can perform strict error computation and it has some advantages, e.g. it can integrate different types of data and/or conditions from the image and/or object spaces to the computation of the object reconstruction. Nevertheless, it needs many computation operations so that it is relatively time-consuming. In order to enable a fast object surface reconstruction using this method, new model and algorithm will be briefly presented in this paper. An orthogonal object grey value model was developed from the basic concepts of the theory of wavelets. This new model gives us a very simple submatrix corresponding to the object grey value model pa­rameters in the normal equations. Furthermore, the high resolution of 2 x 2 pixels per height facet is applicable using this model. In addition a new algorithm was proposed to reduce the total computing time in a large area and to enable the object surface reconstruction in larger windows. Generally speaking, larger windows contain more image informations (e.g. image textures) than smaller windows. Test results using aerial images with the image scale 1:4000 and pixel size 15μ m show that the method of facets stereo vision aided by the pro­posed model and algorithm is capable of a high precision (0.2 ~ 0.6 pixel) object surface reconstruction.

關鍵字

小波函數與理論,小面立體視覺,物面重組,多層解析度空間

Keywords

wavelets, facets stereo vision, object surface reconstruction, multiresolution spaces

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

69-78

論文名稱

「技術短文」應用全球衛星定位系統於樣區複測定位之研究

Title

Study on Application of Global Positioning System (GPS) for Guiding to Forest Permanent Plot Location

作者

鍾玉龍

Author

Yuh-Lurng Chung

中文摘要

全球衛星定位系統( Global Positioning System,GPS )的發展成功,已被廣泛應用於各領域,由於其具有靜態與動態的定位功能,因此可替林業工作者節省許多昔日傳統工作所需耗費的時間與人力,提高效率與準確度。本研究利用 GPS具有導航功能之特性,嘗試利用 GPS於樣區複測定位之可行性研究,並藉以討論GPS應用在台灣山區的考慮因子,結果顯示,GPS能快速準確的導引至欲複測之樣區,另外因遮蔽效應存在之無法克服,常需輔以其他儀器方能確保工作之順利進行。

Abstract

Global Positioning System (GPS) has successfully developed and broad-gauge in­to many disciplines' applications in our life. Because GPS have static and kinematic mode positioning function, contrast with conventional work it can saving time and labors consume for forester. The purposes of this study are attempt to apply the GPS navigation ability to guide forester to the forest permanent plot location, and discussion the factors that should be consideration in Taiwan. The results indicated that GPS could guide forester to forest permanent plot location fast and accuracy. In mountain area because the sheltering precluded to acquisition the satellite signal hasn't resolved, it seems need other instruments assistant to work together for insurance the work could perform smoothly.

關鍵字

全球衛星定位系統、森林、永久樣區

Keywords

Global Positioning System (GPS), Forest , Permanent plot

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

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