ENGLISH

15卷/3期

15卷/3期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

205-217

論文名稱

利用多尺度衛星影像評估四川汶川地震引致之 土砂災害

Title

Using Multi-Scale Satellite Image for Monitoring and Evaluating the Geohazards of Wenchuan Earthqauke

作者

鄭錦桐,沈哲緯,陳微鈞

Author

Chin-Tung Cheng, Che-Wei Shen , Wei-Chun Chen

中文摘要

2008/5/12四川省汶川發生地震規模Ms 8.0,震源深度10公里,肇因於龍門山斷層近300公里之逆衝斷層破裂,斷層上盤由西北向東南逆衝,斷層位移量平均約6公尺,如此大規模的地震除因為強烈地表震動與斷層破裂直接造成結構物破壞之外,而龍門山斷層西北側之上盤屬高山區,地形陡峻,淺層地質破碎,於山區水庫集水區內因強震而誘發大規模之崩塌地,將造成後續次生災害威脅。由於衛星影像解析度日益提升且成本降低,本研究以四川省北川地區為研究區,主要採用福爾摩沙二號衛星 (FORMOSAT-2)與ASTER多光譜影像進行災情判釋,輔以TerraSAR雷達影像彌補雲遮及陰影區域判釋,進行災區影像變異分析及土砂災害自動判釋,期能透過遙測技術與多尺度衛星影像資訊之綜合應用,建立廣泛區域之土砂災害監測機制,文中將以多元尺度遙測分析方法,評估四川省汶川地震後強震區內,崩塌地、河道擴張、堰塞湖等各類型土砂災害之情況,並試述後續可能致災之影響區域。

Abstract

An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China on May 12th, 2008. This devastating earthquake was caused by Longmen Shan thrust belt with more than 300km fault rupture. The displacement of the Longmen Shan fault is 6m in average. The large ground motion of Wenchuan Earthquake did not only damage the buildings and killed more than 70,000 people, but also caused huge amount of landslides in the mountainsides. Therefore, the geohazards monitoring will be also the important issue after Wenchuan earthquake. This study area is located in the Bei-Chuan of Sichuan province. In order to evaluate the geohazards of Wenchuan Earthquake rapidly, the spectrum images of FORMOSA-II, TerraSAR, and ASTER satellites was adopted for interpreting the landslide area and the reservoirs of the landslide dam. The pair of images of ASTER satellites was adopted for producing the DEM. Furthermore, the satiability of the landslide dam was evaluated by extracting the elevation from DEM and the calculating the area of landslide dam reservoir in GIS. From the experience of this case study, using multi-scale satellite images could provide information for geohazard mitigation planning rapidly, and prevent damage and reduce loss validly.

關鍵字

汶川地震、多光譜影像、雷達影像、變異分析、自動判釋

Keywords

Wenchuan earthquake, Multi-channel Spectral Image, Radar Image, Analysis of Variance, Automatic image interpretation

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-205-217

Pages:

229-242

論文名稱

測繪車之系統率定及其效能分析

Title

The Calibration Methodology and the Performance Analysis for a Land Vehicle Mobile Mapping System

作者

李育華, 江凱偉, 饒見有

Author

Yu-Hua Li , Kai-Wei Chiang , Jiann-Yeou Rau

中文摘要

自慣性導航系統在1980年初被引入民用領域,相關的應用發展便與日俱增,其中移動式測繪系統即是近年來最顯著的整合應用之一。此具備即時定位系統之平台擁有快速資料採集,以及無需地面控制點即可對目標物進行直接地理定位的特性,是獲取空間資訊的利器。本研究提出一測繪車架構,除於硬體面運用自主發展之低成本整合式定位定向系統及系統運作模組外,並針對測繪車系統參數之率定作業,以地面測量方式建置一足夠精度之控制場,以率定場進行系統率定,檢定場測試系統直接地理定位能力。於率定方面採兩階段率定法,規劃適當率定策略,而後對其率定參數成果以自行開發之直接地理定位模組驗證。經多項實驗及可行性測試,在多時刻多影像前方交會下本測繪車具有平面15cm (RMS)、三維 28cm (RMS)的直接地理定位能力,且系統之穩定性高,已能實質運用於災後佈署,可望在相關民生用途及軍事技術上有顯著的貢獻。

Abstract

The mobile mapping system is one of the most important civil applicaiotns of INS/GPS integrated systems because of its rapidly direct geo-referencing capability which is useful in Geospatial Information acquisition for Taiwan, a small island with high population. In this study, a low cost INS/GPS integrated POS, was developed and applied to provide the positional and orientation information seamlessly. For system calibration, a high-accuracy ground control field was established by means of the ground survey. The measurements collected by the proposed system from the control field were added to the bundle adjustment procedure to solve the lever-arm and boresight angles between those image sensors. Based on the parameters obtained after calibration, the proposed system could perform direct geo-referencing tasks. This study describes the architecture of the proposed system and the establishment of the control field. Then a two-step approach with some strategies are proposed to conduct system calibration. Finally, the system test, error analysis, and the results of system calibration are presented. The results of the experiment depict that the accuracy of direct geo-referencing capability in term of the positioning accuracy of the proposed is less than 15cm(HPE) and 28cm (3D). The analysis proves the stability of proposed system is high, and the applications in the disaster assessment or the highway inventory investigation are also feasible. While the maturity of related technology becomes higher, the system can provide more contribution in the future.

關鍵字

移動式測繪系統、率定、直接地理定位

Keywords

Mobile Mapping System, System Calibration, Direct Geo-referencing

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-219-242

Pages:

243-262

論文名稱

應用遙測技術探討環境變遷對北台灣水文循環之影響

Title

Effect of Environmental Changes on Future Hydrology of the Northern Taiwan using Remote Sensing

作者

吳治達,鄭祈全, 羅漢強, 陳永寬

Author

Chih-Da Wu, Chi-Chuan Cheng , Hann-Chung Lo , Yeong-Kuan Chen

中文摘要

環境變遷與集水區水文循環之間的關係已成為環境規劃的重要課題。國內外雖有許多專家學者結合大氣環流模式(General Circulation Models, GCMs)與GWLF河川流量模式(Generalized Watershed Loading Functions, GWLF),探討氣候變遷對集水區水資源的衝擊效應,但前人研究在蒸發散覆蓋係數 (Evapotranspiration Cover Coefficient, CV) 之設定方面,大多根據國外文獻之參考值進行設定此外,土地使用型態和蒸發散量的逐年變化,亦會影響集水區之未來水文狀態,而傳統的流量模擬研究甚少針對此兩項因子之影響效應加以探討。故本研究以台灣北部地區為試區,旨在利用遙測技術推估真實地表的蒸發散量與CV值,以提昇流量模擬之正確性,進而結合SEBAL模式 (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land, SEBAL)、CGCM1大氣環流模式 (The First Version of the Canadian Global Coupled Model, CGCM1) 與Markov模式,模擬未來土地使用型及蒸發散量的變化,並分析其對未來流量模擬之影響,最後再綜合氣候、土地使用及蒸發散量等環境變遷因子,進一步評估台灣北部地區未來水文循環可能遭受之衝擊效應。研究結果指出,與傳統查表值相比,應用遙測推估之CV值更能反應真實之河川水文特性,此外,考慮未來土地使用變遷與蒸發散量變化兩項因子所進行模擬的流量,均較未考慮的流量值低;最後,未來集水區水資源衝擊評估結果指出,由於都市擴張、蒸發散量減少及氣候變遷等因子之綜合作用,將造成台灣北部地區河川流量之上升。綜合上述結果可知,整合SEBAL、CGCM1與Markov模式模擬土地使用變遷及蒸發散量變化,進而推估未來集水區之河川流量及評估區域水文循環之衝擊效應,確實為一有效、可行的方法。由於台灣北部地區為經濟商業之核心區域,無論在工商業發展及水資源供給方面均占有相當重要的地位,因此相關單位應重視此課題,並及早研擬因應策略。

Abstract

This study aims to improve on stream flow simulation using the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model by including remote sensing techniques to estimate the cover coefficient (CV), as well as integrating the SEBAL model, the CGCM1 model, and the Markov model to predict land-use and ET changes. Moreover, the results were adopted to assess the effect of environmental changes on future hydrology or the north of Taiwan. The processes include land-use classification using hybrid approach and Landsat-5 TM images, a comparison of stream flow simulations using the GWLF model with two CV values derived from remote sensing and traditional methods, and finally the prediction of future land-use and CV parameters for assessing the effect of land-use change and ET change. The results indicated that the study area was classified into seven land-use types with 89.09% classification accuracy. The stream flows simulated by two estimated CVs were different, and the simulated stream flows using the remote sensing approach presented more accurate hydrological characteristics than a traditional approach. In addition, the consideration of land-use change and ET change indeed affected the predicted stream flows under climate change conditions. The results of the hydrology analysis based on the SRES scenarios of CGCM1 model predicted that the river flows of north Taiwan will become greater due to the effects of climate change, land-use change and ET change. Therefore, the results obtained from this study can be extrapolated to the future studies of global environmental change and water resource management.

關鍵字

蒸發散覆蓋係數、環境變遷、流量模擬、GWLF模式、遙感探測

Keywords

Evapotranspiration cover coefficient, Environmental change, Stream flow simulation, GWLF model, Remote Sensing

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-243-262

Pages:

263-279

論文名稱

利用多重影像匹配獲取測量車影像點位之物空間坐標

Title

Determination of Object Point Coordinates by MMS Image Sequences Using Multiple Image Matching

作者

謝佳諭,曾義星

Author

Chia-Yu Hsieh , Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

測量車影像序列富含測量車行經路線帶狀的空間資訊,透過測量車的定位及定向系統,得影像的內外方位,因此可利用影像共軛點以前方交會計算興趣物點的物空間坐標,而共軛點的獲取,相較於人工點選,利用多影像匹配方法獲取更具效率。但存在於影像的尺度變化、視角不同及遮蔽問題可能影響匹配的正確性,因此本研究將於物空間進行影像匹配,並配合假設面的建立,改善尺度變化及視角不同的問題,更利用影像挑選機制及利用多視窗匹配減輕遮蔽問題的影響。實驗結果顯示:特徵點位匹配成功率達90%;而控制點的坐標求取,具50公分的準確度,10公分的精度,若改善定位系統之穩定性,將可提高點位坐標的準確度。

Abstract

The coordinates of interested points can be determined by space intersection of the images, whose interior and exterior orientation parameters are determined from the navigation and calibration data. Obtaining conjugate points of image sequences by image matching is much more efficient than manual measurement. However the factors of scale variations, different field of view, and occlusion may result in incorrect matching points. In this research, image matching in object space with virtual surface is proposed to overcome the problem of matching in image space. The process to filter out occluded images is proposed, and the remaining useful images are kept for multiple image matching with multiple windows, which is developed to ease the problems caused by complex backgrounds. The test results of the experiments show the proposed method can deliver correct matching results good to about 90%. The determined coordinates are about 10 cm in precision, and about 50 cm in accuracy. Accuracy can be improved, if the positioning and orientation system of the MMS can be improved.

關鍵字

測量車影像序列、多影像匹配、物空間匹配、多視窗匹配

Keywords

MMS image sequences, Multi-image matching, matching in object space, multiple window matching.

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-263-279

Pages:

281-297

論文名稱

以網際網路三維地理資訊系統為基礎之仿真 數碼城市在不動產市場之應用

Title

Application of Photo-realistic City Model in Real Estate Market Based on Web 3D GIS

作者

成晨光, 饒見有

Author

Chen-Kuang Cheng , Jiann-You Rau

中文摘要

區位與環境資訊是不動產買賣雙方最重視的資訊,但消費者卻往往不得其門而入,透過網際網路三維地理資訊系統為基礎之仿真數碼城市,可以提供消費者這方面之客觀且量化的資訊,這有助於減少不動產之買賣糾紛。惟三維空間資料量太過鉅大、網際網路狹窄的頻寬、伺服器有限的運算能力與客戶端顯示效能的不足,使得在Web 3D GIS平台實現仿真數碼城市顯得困難重重。有鑒於此,本研究採用GIS三維模塑工具施行建物重建,並提出多尺度建物模塑策略。該策略是依照建物之重要性與相對於主要道路的位置,以不同尺度來建置房屋模型。該成果顯示,空間資料量大幅降低,網路上資料傳輸的效能因而提升,在經濟面上成本大幅降低,從而實現其在Web 3D GIS的可行性。本研究進而建置不動產區位與物理環境查詢系統,應用環域分析工具獲得區位資訊,應用日照模擬、視野分析、地勢排水和海平面上升等GIS空間分析工具獲得物理環境資訊,研究成果顯示,透過這個查詢系統可以提供消費者相關於不動產之區位與物理環境之量化資訊。

Abstract

Both location and environment information are the key reference for either buying parties or selling parties in real estate market, however consumers acquired them hardly. It will provide consumers the information, by objectivity and quantity, through photo-realistic cyber city based on Web 3D GIS. Due to large amount of geo-spatial data, narrow network bandwidth, limited computation ability of server, and non-superior performance of client, it is so difficult to perform the photo-realistic cyber city on Web 3D GIS server. Thus, at the beginning, a multi-scale building modeling based on GIS 3D modeling tool is proposed in this study. The degree of scale for a certain building is decided according to its importance and relative location to a major road. The result showed the geo-data volume was decreased largely, and the efficiency during data transfer on the Internet is increased, and the cost in production was also reduced, and therefore its applicability in Web-based 3D GIS is raised. In real estate applications based on the designed Web-based 3D GIS platform, a location and physical environment query system to assist users to choose the optimum house has been thus established. It applied buffer-zone analysis tool on location queries, and other GIS spatial analysis tools, i.e. shadow, view-shed, terrain-profile and sea-level rising analysis, on physical environmental queries. The result showed users can obtain the location and physical environment information of real estate in quantity via this query system.

關鍵字

數碼城市、地理資訊系統、仿真城市模型、不動產、區位

Keywords

Cyber City, GIS, Photo-realistic City Model, Real Estate, Location.

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-281-297

Pages:

299-306

論文名稱

「技術短文」臺灣航空測量當前課題:民國一百年

Title

The Issues of Aerial Survey of Taiwan in 2011

作者

史天元

Author

Tian-Yuan Shih

中文摘要

儀器、機具之發展對測量方式之影響十分巨大;需求與供應之相互關係,更在臺灣地區航空測量業界,於過去十年間帶動了極大變化。本文回顧目前現狀,審視面對課題,篩選出五件具有不同急迫性議題,提出討論。此五項議題分別為:測量基準、航空測量許可、數據流通與國防國安、技術提升與國際化、協合式的整體發展策略。其中,雖然有技術層次之內涵,但更重要的是思維與法規管理層面的組合與配套。現代運輸與通訊,縮小了地理距離的影響,亦使得國界對經濟的影響降低。同時,因果之相互發生亦隨之變快。今天的策略得當,可期之效益亦將快速到來,深切盼望,民國一百年起的臺灣航空測量,能夠再創新局。

Abstract

Instrumentation plays an important role in the development of the surveying methodology. The reciprocal relationship of demand and supply also imposes large influence to the progress of change. Particularly in the past ten years, aerial survey has experienced tremendous change in Taiwan. After reviewing the progress of surveying methodology and the practice of aerial survey in Taiwan, five issues are identified, namely, the surveying datum, the aerial survey permit application regulation, the confrontation of spatial information dissemination policy and national defense and security, the internationalization, and the long term plan with coordination. All these five issues are of different time frames. Although there are technique content in these five issues, they are largely in the policy and management level. The fast progress of communication and transportation technology has almost removed the restriction arising from the geographic distance. This made the competitions and mutual influences across boarder. The award for a right decision or movement will arrive quick. It is sincerely hoped that the aerial survey in Taiwan will progress well in the upcoming decade.

關鍵字

Keywords

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

201009-15-299-306

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