ENGLISH

2 卷 / 4 期

2 卷 / 4 期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-12

論文名稱

模糊數學分類法應用於 Landsat-TM 衛星影像上林分鬱閉度推估之研究

Title

A Study of Estimation Forest Canopy Closure Through Fuzzy Classification of Landsat TM Data

作者

王韻皓 , 焦國模

Author

Yon-Hao Wang , Kwo -Mu Chiao

中文摘要

林分鬱閉度為生態研究及森林經營管理上一重要之指標,除了與土壤沖刷、水源涵養、國土保安有密切之關係,還可用來評估野生動物棲息地及森林生物量等。早期林分鬱閉度之判釋,多利用航空照片,但 1972 年大地衛星( Landsat-l )發射後,由於植物於光譜中有吸收藍光、紅光,強烈反射紅外光之特性,因此利用遙測影像之光譜資訊推估林分鬱閉度已廣為各界研究。 本研究係以台大實驗林溪頭營林區 1-6 林班為試區,並以大地衛星主題測繪儀( Landsat TM )影像為分析之材料。首先將Landsat TM 影像做前期處理,包括幾何及輻射糾正,經前期處理後之影像選取 3*3 像元之柳杉純林樣區72個,擷取 TM 影像單波段( TMI-TM5、TM7 )、纓帽轉換式(綠度軸,GVI )、歸整差( NDVI )、植被比( R43、R54、R32 )、植生指標差 ( VI43、VI45、VI42 )等 14 個植生指標,於72 個樣區中選取 41 個訓練樣區,以此植生指標做為模糊分析與最小距離法之輸入資料,推估林分鬱閉度,並利用 31 個檢核樣區,做準確度之評估,比較此兩種分類方法之結果。

Abstract

Forest canopy closure is an important index on ecological study and forest manage­ment. Forest canopy closure is closely related to erosion control, water and soil conserva­tion, watershed runoff estimation, which is also used to assess wildlife habitat and forest biomass. In the early years, aerial photography were usually used to interprete forest canopy closure. However after the launch of Landsat-l in 1972, using remote sensing image to estimate forest canopy closure is widely studied. The study area of this research locates at Chi-Tou, Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University. A Landsat Thematic Mapper scene of this area was used in the study. In this study, geometric correction and radiometric correction were done first to improve the quality of the TM imagery. After preprocessing, seventy-two plots with a size of 3*3 pixels were drawn from the TM imagery. Fourteen vegetation indices including TMl、TM2、TM3、TM4、TM5、TM7、GVI、NDVI、R43、R54、R32、VI43、VI45、VI42. Those indices were used as input data for the fuzzy classification approach and the minimum distance pattern classification approach to estimate forest canopy closure, and the results of these two approaches were compared.

關鍵字

Keywords

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199712-2-4-1-12

Pages:

13-38

論文名稱

數位空照立體對邊緣萃取與匹配之研究

Title

Edge Extraction and Matching for Digitized Aerial Stereopairs

作者

陳良健 , 陳慶明鳥 , 饒見有

Author

L. C. Chen , C. M. Chen , J. Y. Rau

中文摘要

影像匹配是數位航測自動化萃取數值地形模型最重要的步驟之一,在地形平滑、高差不大的影像裡,區域匹配法可以較容易達成共軛像點的對應,然而這樣的方法施加在大視差的高解析之數位航照並無法在幾何結構變化處對應成功。不過特徵匹配正可解決這個問題,因此本文將利用影像中的特徵物-邊界來組織匹配策略,建立一個新的特徵匹配法,即方位力矩法進行共軛特徵之對應。本文將以像元大小為 0.2 公尺之大比例尺空照相片為測試資料並展示特徵匹配法可達成區域匹配法所無法處理之工作。

Abstract

Image matching is one of the most important tasks in automated extraction of digital terrain models in digital photogrammetry. Area-based matching usually works well for the smooth terrain with low relief, especially when low resolution image pairs are used. However, area-based matching is not feasible for high resolution image pairs where artifi­cial buildings exist. On the other hand, feature matching has better chance to cope with the problem. Hence, we propose a scheme which extracts image features first then orga­ nizes a feature matching strategy, and develops a new feature-based matching scheme, i.e., Azimuth-Moment Matching method, to correspond the potential conjugate features. Experi­mental results indicate that for a pair of high resolution aerial photographs the proposed scheme may accomplish the task that conventional templet matching dose not.

關鍵字

特徵匹配、邊界、方位力矩法

Keywords

feature-based matching, edge, azimuth-moment matching

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199712-2-4-13-38

Pages:

39-63

論文名稱

波譜法遙測推算近岸水深

Title

Remotely Sensing and Analyzing Depths of Coastal Zones by Wave Spectrum Bathymetric Method

作者

呂黎光 , 劉倬騰 , 郭一羽 , 賀文凱

Author

Li-Guang Leu , Cho-Teng Liu , Yi-Yu Kuo , Wen-Kae Heh

中文摘要

水深遙測常以可見光波段影像分析,利用電磁波在不同深度海域具有不同的海底反光,以獲取水深資訊。但由於台灣東岸水深過深,西岸水污染嚴重,水質太混濁且分布不均,此法並不適用於台灣近岸水深觀測。本研究嚐試以SPOT 衛星影像,使用波浪傳遞原理,假設波浪傳遞中頻率守恆,但其波長因水深變化而改變,藉由此對應變化關係來推估近岸水深。此波譜法乃分析近岸海域波浪影像獲取波數能譜,以此波譜計算波長(或波數),再透過分散關係式 (dispersion relation) 推估水深,定量分析結果,水深平均誤差約在 15% ;海域水深推算之值經移動平均,消除隨機誤差後,其平均誤差可降至 8 %~10%。此法發揮經濟、安全、快速及廣域的遙測技術特性,提供概要水深分佈資訊,不失為台灣近岸及不易作業海域的水深量測的可行方法。

Abstract

Besides conventional methods, remote sensing technology is another method to quickly map water depths of broad coastal zones. The images of visible band are available analyzed to obtain the information of shallow water depths owing to discriminating reflec­tion of electromagnetic waves over the coastal zone with varied water depths. The visible band method is not suitable to eastern coastal zone of Taiwan due to its water depths almost beyond the penetrating depth of visible light and either western one because of high water turbidity. In this paper, the wave spectrum methodology is applied to bathymetry of shallow water. SPOT images were used to derive wave spectra and estimate water depths because of different lengths of waves over varied water depths. The bathymetry of shallow water is derived from wave spectra via the general dispersion relation of water waves. It bases on the hypothesis that waves keep their frequency uniform when they propagate from deep water into shallow water. Comparing with in situ water depths, the average error of estimating shallow water depths by wave spectrum bathymetric method is 15%. The moving average processing removes the random errors of water depths estimating by wave spectrum bathymetric method. Then the average error of water depths reduces to 8% ~ 10%. Wave spectrum bathymetric method takes advantages of remote sensing technology to obtain the synoptical bathymetry of shallow water in safety, economically and quickly. This method is a feasible approach over coastal zones of Taiwan with acceptable accuracy.

關鍵字

波譜、遙測、水深

Keywords

Wave spectrum, Remote sensing, Water depth

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199712-2-4-39-63

Pages:

65-75

論文名稱

整合地理資訊系統及計量經濟方法於坡地利用之研究一一以阿里山鄉坡地開發為例

Title

An Integrated GIS and Econometric Approach to Analyze Slopeland Use:An Application of the Slopeland Development in A-Li Shan Hsiang

作者

陳奕廷 , 陳永寬 , 鄭欽龍

Author

Yi-Ting Chen , Yeong-Kuan Chen , Chin-long Zheng

中文摘要

嘉義縣阿里山鄉石棹附近的山胞保留地,近年來由於阿里山公路兩側之茶園快連擴張,土地利用型態改變甚大。故有關該區域坡地開發模式,頗值得探討。 本研究透過成本效益分析角度,探討坡地開發之主要影響因子。並引入阿隆索的競租函數理論,配合地理資訊系統的空間分析能力,及參考 Wear and Flamm (1993) 的方法,試圖將難以量化的成本、效益因子,適切合理地藉由海拔高、坡度、坡向、距道路的距離及距市集的距離圖等五項地理資訊圖層分別加以替代,供量化分析及推估判別模式。

Abstract

The land use of the aboriginal reserve around Shi Juo Village, Chia Yi County had been changed significantly as a result of rapid expansions of tea plantation along A-Li Shan highway. It is the reason that a study of land development in the area is of great interest. The theory of land rent was employed in this study and the empirical data were gener­ated by applying image classification technique of remote sensing and the spatial analytical capability of GIS. In addition, an econometric approach was used, which has an attempt to use five GIS data(i.e., altitude, slope, aspect, distance from near by trucking road, and distance from CBD) in stead of financial factors of land development.

關鍵字

土地利用、地理資訊系統、競租函數、間斷式選擇模型

Keywords

landuse, GIS, bit-rent function, dichotomous choice model

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199712-2-4-65-75

Pages:

77-92

論文名稱

空載 SAR 斜距影像方位參數與幾何糾正之估算法

Title

Orientation Parameter Estimation and Geometric Rectification of Airborne SAR Slant-Range Imagery

作者

吳究 , 蔡乾財 , 王志添, 林德誠

Author

Joz Wu , Chyan-Tsair Tsay , Chih -Tien Wang , De-Chen Lin

中文摘要

對空載側視雷達 SAR 影像之幾何分析,吾人採用由距離方程式與都卜勒方程式所組成之雷達測量條件。因為載具軌跡時變的特性,本文試引用二次多項式以描述載具的位置參數。於方位參數求解時,亦將像元間距及偏斜角當作待求的變數,一併估計,是為特色。後方交會所得之方位參數配合已知的數值地形模型,能依循間接方式幾何糾正法則,正射化 SAR 斜距影像。以 15 個獨立的檢核點,分別驗證本文所提之方位參數估計與正射影像製作,達1.5 像元之均方根誤差。文末,對如何精進控制點坐標量測,提出些建議。

Abstract

For the geometric analysis of airborne side-looking SAR imagery, we use radargrammetric conditions that comprise range and Doppler equations. Second-order polynomials are adopted to describe the time-varying position parameters of a radar carrier. When estimat­ing the position parameters, both pixel spacing and squint angle are also treated as vari­ables. This simultaneous parameter estimation is an article's highlight. Together with a given digital terrain model, the estimated orientation parameters are used to rectify SAR slant-range imagery by an indirect (bottom-up) method. The reported algorithms for the orientation parameter estimation and the ortho-image generation yield root mean square errors of approximate 1.5 pixels, based on 15 independent check points. The paper is concluded by remarking on how to improve control point coordinate measurements.

關鍵字

雷達測量條件、像元間距、偏斜角、SAR影像正射化

Keywords

Radargrammetric conditions, Pixel spacing, Squint angle, SAR image rectification

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199712-2-4-77-92

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