ENGLISH

21卷/2期

21卷/2期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

65-74

論文名稱

外來入侵物種銀合歡族群擴散模擬之研究

Title

Modeling the Population Expansion of an Alien-invasive Species (Leucaena leucocephala)

作者

呂明倫

Author

Ming-Lun Lu

中文摘要

本研究以遙測為研究基礎,探討南台灣恆春半島,外來入侵植物銀合歡(Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit)之分佈與擴散,研究方法係結合遙測、邏輯斯迴歸與細胞自動化(cellular automaton, CA)等,建構一物種擴散模型,評估銀合歡族群入侵情形。首先,利用影像分類法獲取空間分佈,分析銀合歡族群1988~1997年之動態過程,結果顯示,該年間銀合歡入侵面積約3,865 ha,占全區的6.5%,爾後據此空間分佈資訊推估邏輯斯迴歸機率,並建構CA模擬所需之細胞演化規則,研究結果發現,CA模擬與2007年銀合歡實際範圍作比較後,總體準確度可達95%,Kappa統計值為0.8,由此可知,本研究所發展的CA模型可準確地模擬銀合歡之族群擴散。總體而言,本研究成果可作為銀合歡防治策略擬定時之參考,另一方面,亦能作為探討其他外來入侵種之參考範本。

Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the distribution and expanding process of an alien-invasive plant: Leucaena leucocephala (LELE) based on remote sensing in the Hengchun Peninsula of Taiwan. This study developed a spatially explicit logistic regression imbedded cellular automaton (CA)-based species expansion model to simulate the invasion of LELE. The first, among the dynamics of LELE for 1988-1997, the invasion sites (from non-LELE to LELE) were 3865 ha, ccupying 6.5% of the study area. Second, 1988-1997 LELE spatial distributions were ingested into a logistic model to build transition rules for CA simulation. The results demonstrated that the enhanced CA model can precisely (an overall accuracy of 95%, with a kappa statistic of 0.8 by comparing with the 2007 LELE distribution) model the population expansion of LELE. The findings may provide insights into the control of LELE, which may be very important for other alien-invasive species research.

關鍵字

遙測、恆春半島、邏輯斯迴歸、細胞自動化、生物入侵

Keywords

remote sensing, Hengchun Peninsula, logistic regression, cellular automaton, biological invasion

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

75-94

論文名稱

空載光達波形資料之響應偵測與土地覆蓋分類

Title

Echo Detection and Land Cover Classification of Airborne Waveform LiDAR Data

作者

王正楷, 曾義星

Author

Cheng-Kai Wang, Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

地形製圖的製作,在眾多的應用中,已越來越重要,例如災害防救、森林資源管理、海岸的侵蝕等等皆需要地形圖來輔助決策。為了製作一張地形圖,通常需要地面的高程起伏資訊以及地表面上的地物類別來共同組成。本研究的目的乃針對空載光達波形系統所獲取的資料,探究其製作地形圖的潛力,並與傳統離散光達系統相比較。本研究首先從波形資料中偵測在傳統離散光達系統往往忽略掉的點雲,藉此獲得較好的場景幾何描述較佳的點雲,透過這較佳的點雲資料,有助於提升自動化生產的數值高程模型之精度。另外,我們對於波形資料所隱含的特徵,透過一系列的訊號處理方式,將其轉換為有用的波形特徵,並用以進行土地覆蓋分類。

Abstract

Mapping of geospatial earth surfaces has become increasingly important and been needed in many applications, such as disaster prevention, forest management, and monitoring of coastal erosion and sediment transport. Modeling the topography of bare earth and identifying land covers are essential for mapping the earth surfaces. This paper investigates modern small-footprint full-waveform airborne LiDAR systems for the mapping of geospatial earth surfaces in order to provide solutions to difficulties that a conventional discrete-return airborne LiDAR system often encounters. The research begins with the detection of points which are often missed by a discrete-return LiDAR system. The generation of a digital elevation model is then benefited from the enhanced geometry of landscapes. Another significant advantage of full-waveform data is that additional information characterizing different surface types can be extracted. Thus this research continues to identify the earth land covers using information extracted from waveform data.

關鍵字

空載光達、波形、數值高程模型、土地覆蓋

Keywords

airborne LiDAR, waveform, digital elevation model, land cover

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

95-106

論文名稱

多測站具GPS定位之球形全景影像之光束法平差

Title

Bundle Adjustment of Multi-station Spherical Panorama Images with GPS Positioning

作者

林冠穎, 曾義星

Author

Kuan-Ying Lin , Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

針對車載之測繪系統無法進入之地區,本研究發展一套可攜式全景影像測繪系統(Portable Panoramic Image Mapping System, PPIMS),能同時拍攝八張影像,並以e-GPS系統來定位,當利用此系統從多個測站獲取影像時,將產生大量的影像以供處理,使用者在尋找目標影像時相當容易困惑,為了解決上述的困境,本文提出一個以環景影像進行攝影測量的新概念,以本系統拍攝的八張影像形成球形環景影像(spherical panorama image, SPI),應用於攝影測量和製圖,由於此SPI並不符合嚴謹的共線條件,造成在相鄰影像重疊處的拼接錯位,因此也針對此缺失提出改正的方法。本研究於成大自強校區的測試場,與地景較複雜的億載金城試驗場進行實驗,兩個實驗都證實以球形環景影像進行光束法平差是可行的,應用改正共線條件於光束法平差是必須且有效的,另外也證實球形環景影像能夠取代原本的影像。

Abstract

A portable panoramic image mapping system (PPIMS) is developed to collect spatial data, which is specially designed for some areas that a vehicle-based mapping system has difficulty to enter. PPIMS can capture eight images simultaneously with e-GPS positioning. When images are taken from multiple stations, a large amount of images are needed to handle and measure. Finding targets among images becomes a puzzled task. To resolve this difficulty, this study proposes a new concept of photogrammetry by using panoramic images. Eight images captured by PPIMS can form a spherical panorama image (SPI), which is called PPIMS SPI. Instead of using the original images, PPIMS SPIs are then used for photogrammetric triangulation and mapping. Because the collinearity condition is not rigorously kept that causes the gaps on the cutting edges of overlapped images. We also propose a method to correct this deficiency. Two experiments were done. One is on the test field at Tzu-Chiang Campus, NCKU, and another one is in the Eternal Golden Castle. Both of them confirm bundle adjustment of SPI is possible, and applying corrections for PPIMS SPIs is necessary and effective for bundle adjustment. Besides, SPIs can replace original images that is also confirmed.

關鍵字

球形全景影像、光束法平差、可攜式移動測繪系統、攝影測量

Keywords

spherical panorama image, bundle adjustment, portable panoramic image mapping system, photogrammetry

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

107-123

論文名稱

基於智慧手機發展即時平滑器與約制演算法提升行人於空間中定位之精度

Title

Using the On-line Smoothing and Constraint Algorithms to Improve the Accuracy of Pedestrian Indoor Navigation

作者

廖振凱, 江凱偉, 周志明, 李智鴻

Author

Jhen-Kai Liao, Kai-Wei Chiang, Zhi-Ming Zhou, Chih-Hung Li

中文摘要

近年來車載與空載移動製圖系統逐漸成熟,而智慧手機與穿戴式裝置正逐漸應用到日常生活之中,各種微機電系統感測器也隨之普及,具有潛力取代過去可攜式移動製圖系統所需配戴的設備。然而廣泛應用於車載和空載整合導航系統的慣性積分導航,卻不適用於行人室內定位。本研究使用控制點取代衛星定位系統,來源可以是傳統地測點、地圖、影像特徵點或無線射頻等室內定位技術。同時也針對慣性積分的誤差累積提出步速約制演算法與即時平滑器。實驗結果顯示本研究提出的方法,能夠有效提升使用慣性積分導航與智慧型手機的即時行人室內定位精度。

Abstract

The vehicle-based and airborne mobile mapping system become a mature technology in recent years. The smartphone and wearable device are also gradually apply to our daily life. They have the potential to replace the past portable mobile mapping system with various and popular MEMS sensors. However, the inertial navigation is not suitable for pedestrian indoor navigation which generally using in vehicle-based and airborne mobile mapping system。This study proposes the indoor control points to replace the Global Navigation Satellite System in indoor. The indoor control points can be the ground control point, map point, feature point or provided by radio-based positioning technology. In addition, the walking velocity constraint and online smoothing are proposed for improve the accumulative error of inertial integration. The preliminary results show the proposed methods improve the accuracy of pedestrian indoor navigation with smartphone and inertial navigation significantly.

關鍵字

行人室內定位、慣性導航系統、智慧型手機

Keywords

pedestrian indoor navigation, Inertial Navigation System, smartphone

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

125-138

論文名稱

應用多來源影像進行影像式模型重建及精度評估指標建立

Title

Image-based modeling for multi-source images and establishing an accuracy index of reconstruction

作者

潘偉庭, 楊明德, 趙智凡

Author

Wei-Ting Pan, Ming-Der Yang, Chih-Fan Chao

中文摘要

以往影像式建模的影像多從高解析度的相機取得,隨著智慧行動裝置的普及影像來源愈趨多樣化。本研究建立精度指標以焦距估算建模後的體積精度,快速評估各來源影像的模型精度。實驗使用各款智慧型手機與數位相機拍攝水泥柱以重建模型,將相機率定的焦距視為真值,評估SfM (Structure from Motion)的焦距精度,並計算模型體積與量測體積的誤差,接著以迴歸分析焦距與體積誤差,建立精度評估指標。實務上大多案例無法得知待測體積之真值與誤差,當使用任何具拍攝功能的設備獲取影像時,便可以透過本研究所建立精度評估指標,以焦距精度初誤待測物之體積差,作為後續分析資訊的參考依據。

Abstract

Most images for Image-Based Modeling (IBM) were taken from high resolution cameras in the past. With its widespread, cameras on smart mobile devices can be one type of image sources. The aim of this study is to build up an index of reconstruction quality which can calculate the error of the volume through the focal length. Thus, the index can estimate the accuracy of reconstructed models rapidly by multi-source images. This study uses various kinds of smartphones and a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) to take photographs of concrete specimens and to reconstruct 3D models. Focal lengths calculated by camera calibration are considered as the true value to estimate focal lengths accuracy by structure from motion (SfM) and then the volume error of the 3D models. Finally, the accuracy index of reconstructed models was established through a linear regression based on focal lengths and volume error. Owing to unknown true volume in most actual conditions, it becomes convenient to apply various mobile devices with the camera to take photographs and reconstructed models. According to the accuracy index, the error of earthwork quantity (Y) can be estimated by focal length (X), and the result can be the basis of disaster analysis and prevention measures aprior.

關鍵字

影像式建模、相機率定、焦距

Keywords

Image-Based modeling, camera calibration, linear regression

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

N / A

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