ENGLISH

22卷/2期

22卷/2期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

77-92

論文名稱

高解析度數值高程模型地形參數之網格式製圖分析

Title

Raster Mapping of Topographic Parameters Derived from High Resolution Digital Elevation Models

作者

王意華,曾義星

Author

Yi-Hua Wang ,Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

高解析度數值高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)可以利用三維立體或二維地形圖的方式展示。 以立體模型展示DEM 雖然能直觀的反映地形起伏,卻難以與其他二維圖資進行疊圖等分析。本研究嘗試 從高解析度DEM 推導出幾種常見的地形參數並以二維網格的形式來展圖。地形參數圖能展示不同的地形 特徵,亦方便結合其他二維圖資進行各種分析。不同地形參數圖的特色會透過視覺調查作分析,參數的 調整與地形圖的配色方式都會影響地形特徵的展示。此研究預期會對高解析度DEM 的應用帶來幫助,未 來也期望能發展出自動化的展圖程序,提升製圖的品質與效率。

Abstract

Meter-level resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have become widely available since airborne LiDAR systems are popular. Although displaying high-resolution DEMs with stereo viewing screen allows us to realistically experience the topographic changes, it is difficult to overlay or inter-analyze with other thematic maps. This study devotes to the theory of deriving topographic parameters from high-resolution DEMs and the visualization of the parameters as raster maps, such as hillshade, slope, aspect, openness and multi-directional hillshade and so on. These parameters enable users to observe topographic features with two-dimensional maps. The characteristics and advantages of each topographic parameter will be analyzed through a visual investigation of the maps. The tint scheme and color continuity of adjacent frames will be discussed as well. The combination of two topographic parameters into a map will also be assessed to display topographic information, which meets the requirements of some particular applications. This study is expected to be useful for a variety of applications of high-resolution DEMs.

關鍵字

數值高程模型、地形參數、網格式製圖

Keywords

Digital Elevation Model, Topographic parameter, Raster mapping

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Index?DocID=10218661-201706-201706300003-201706300003-77-92

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

93-104

論文名稱

廣域崩塌潛勢模型的空間分析

Title

Spatial Analysis for Regional Landslide Susceptibility Modeling

作者

賴哲儇,蔡富安,姜壽浩

Author

Jhe-Syuan Lai, Fuan Tsai, Shou-Hao Chiang

中文摘要

針對廣域崩塌潛勢模型空間分析,本研究於崩塌目錄中劃分崩塌源頭、拖曳帶與堆積區(後兩者稱之Run-out)等細緻類別,並利用隨機森林演算法和崩塌潛勢相關的空間資料建立廣域的崩塌潛勢模型。使用的空間資料圖層包含地形與植被等網格資料,以及斷層、水系、道路、地質和土壤等GIS 圖資。流程上,崩塌目錄的源頭與Run-out 區域轉換至像元型態後,與隨機取樣而得的非崩塌地樣本一起萃取對應的崩塌潛勢圖層,形成匯入隨機森林演算法的資料表。分析上,本研究探討不同樣本數、數值高程模型品質和演算法差異,對於崩塌潛勢模型的影響。藉由上述流程與分析,證明Run-out 獨立成單一類別的可行性,並作為Run-out 影響塌潛勢模型的先期成果。研究成果顯示,獨立Run-out 類別的整體精度可達85% ~95%,Kappa 值約介於0.8 至0.9 間;在樣本足夠的情形下,Run-out 類別的使用者精度及生產者精度甚至可高達0.9。本研究亦證實DEM 編修後配合隨機森林演算法,能得到較理想的模式化成果。藉由崩塌潛勢模型,本研究進而產生研究區域的崩塌潛勢圖,以期作為後續崩塌災害、風險等評估任務的基礎,並輔助崩塌災害相關的規劃和決策。

Abstract

This study adopts a data mining-based algorithm, the random forests classifier, with geo-spatial data to construct a regional landslide susceptibility model on the basis of Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The developed model also takes account of landslide source, Run-out and non-occurrence signatures from the landslide inventory in order to increase the reliability of the susceptibility modeling. A total of ten causative factors were collected and used in this study, including topographic, vegetative, fault, geology, river, road, and soil data. This study transforms the landslide inventory and vector-based causative factors into the pixel-based format in order to overlay with other raster data for constructing the random forests based model. This study also uses different topographic data, numbers of samples and classifiers in the analysis to understand their impacts on the susceptibility modeling. Experimental results demonstrate that after identifying the Run-out signatures, the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient have increased to be more than 85 % and 0.8, respectively. In addition, the user's accuracy and producer's accuracy of the Run-out class can reach 0.9 when the number of samples is sufficient to analyze. Correcting unreasonable topographic features of the digital terrain model and using the random forests algorithm also produce more reliable modeling results. According to the modeling results, a preliminary landslide susceptibility map of the study site is produced. Based on this map, future researches may further include other information to achieve landslide hazard and risk assessments as well as to assist land planning and policy marking.

關鍵字

空間分析、莫拉克颱風、崩塌潛勢、隨機森林

Keywords

Landslide Susceptibility, Random Forests, Spatial Analysis, Typhoon Morakot

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Index?DocID=10218661-201706-201706300003-201706300003-93-104

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

105-115

論文名稱

基於全景控制影像進行室內定位及導航之分析

Title

Indoor Positioning and Navigation Based on Control Spherical Panoramic Images

作者

黃聰哲,曾義星

Author

Tsung-Che Huang,Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

本研究旨在透過球形全景影像進行室內定位及導航分析,利用影像特徵匹配獲取連續影像重疊區共軛像點的資訊結合控制點解算相機之位置。研究分二階段,第一階段為建立控制影像資料庫,控制影像意指其外方位資訊已知,此部分可透過光束法區域平差完成,第二階段則是未知方位的球形全景影像(查詢影像)透過自動化搜尋控制影像資料庫,獲取含有重疊區的控制影像資訊,藉由影像特徵萃取及匹配技術求得共軛點資訊進而求解未知影像方位資訊。本研究使用兩種不同類型之共軛點進行室內定位實驗,並根據實驗結果對位置及姿態進行分析及討論。

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop a novel method of indoor positioning and navigation with the use of spherical panoramic image (SPI).Two steps are planned in the technology roadmap. Firstly, establishing a control SPI database that contains a good number of well-distributed control SPIs pre-acquired in the target space. A control SPI means an SPI with known exterior orientation parameters (EOPs). Having a control SPI database, the target space will be ready to provide the service of positioning and navigation. Secondly, the position and orientation parameters (POPs) of a newly taken SPI can be solved by using overlapped SPIs searched from the control SPI database. For validation, two kinds of corresponding points were applied in the experiment. The result of calculation were shown in this research including the analysis and discussion.

關鍵字

球形全景影像、室內定位及導航、影像匹配

Keywords

Spherical Panorama Image, Indoor Positioning and Navigation, Image Feature Matching

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Index?DocID=10218661-201706-201706300003-201706300003-105-115

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

117-126

論文名稱

整合SIFT 與平面轉換整體平差於歷史航照影像自動對位

Title

Integration of SIFT and 2D-Transformation Global Adjustment for Automatic Registration in Historical Aerial Images

作者

饒芳如,朱宏杰,曾義星

Author

Fang-Ju Jao,Hone-Jay Chu , Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

多數歷史航照影像通常缺乏相機資訊無法直接進行影像對位,導致無法作為後續研究使用。而以往研究文獻為解決歷史影像匹配及接對位之問題,皆需透過較耗費人力與時間的方式進行手動影像拼接。有鑑於尺度不變特徵轉換演算法所提取的特徵點具有抗影像尺度、方向及亮度改變之特性,亦可得到大量匹配點,故本研究欲利用尺度不變特徵轉換(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform, SIFT)作為影像特徵點提取,並對所有匹配點進行多重共軛點位偵測,再透過最小二乘整體平差,解算各張影像仿射轉換(Affine Transformation)參數來完成歷史航照影像對位。

Abstract

Due to lack of camera information, automatic procedures of photogrammetric triangulation and image registration can't be applied to the historical images. Manual image stitching which is required to register the images is time consuming. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is widely used to perform feature extraction because the SIFT feature descriptor is invariant to uniform scaling, orientation, and partially invariant to illumination changes. This study employed the SIFT algorithm to automate image matching and then used least-squares adjustment to calculate the six parameters of each image on the basis of affine transformation. Through a further study, the transformation parameters were transformed from the image coordinate system to the ground coordinate system for image registration.

關鍵字

尺度不變特徵轉換、最小二乘平差、歷史航照影像對位

Keywords

SIFT, Least Squares, Historical Aerial Image Registration

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Index?DocID=10218661-201706-201706300003-201706300003-117-126

備註說明

N / A

Pages:

127-136

論文名稱

應用UAV 及雷射掃描儀進行砂石堆體積評估之研究

Title

A Study of Using Two Devices to Evaluate the Gravel Volume: UAV and Laser Scanner

作者

田坤國,蔡佳勳,林冠甫

Author

Kun-Kuo Tien, Chia-Hsun Tsai, Kuan-Fu Lin

中文摘要

本研究以無人飛行載具(UAV)及雷射掃描儀對同一砂石堆進行體積評估,藉以比較兩者在測量精度、設備成本及作業時間之差異,並探討地面控制點及UAV 拍攝方式對砂石堆體積評估之影響。研究結果顯示,應用UAV 結合多視角建模技術與雷射掃描儀進行砂石堆體積評估,兩者分析結果差異在5%以內,但雷射掃描儀相較於UAV 航拍所需的設備經費高、資料蒐集時間長、資料後處理耗時且電腦設備需求極高,相較之下採用UAV 航拍方式,在無地面控制點的情況下,亦可獲得砂石堆的體積評估結果惟誤差較大,建議至少採用3 處控制點以獲得較佳之體積評估成果。而採用垂直航拍方式之作業時間短,航線規劃較容易,較適合於大面積砂石堆體積評估。

Abstract

This paper focuses on the comparison of evaluating the volume of gravel by using two different devices: UAV and Laser Scanner. The research result indicates that the difference between the volume of gravel measured by UAV analysis of multi-view modeling technology and Laser Scanner is less than 5%. In addition, our research result also reveals that UAV has the greater advantages than Laser Scanner on surveying the topography when considering the budgets of equipment and data processing time. The two biggest drawbacks of Laser Scanner are the high demand for computer equipment and the longer data collecting and processing time. In contrast, UAV can provide acceptable surveying results in a more efficient, accurate, and economic way. We recommend using three ground control points to obtain good evaluating results for the volume of gravel.

關鍵字

無人飛行載具、雷射掃描儀、砂石堆體積

Keywords

UAV, Laser Scanner, Gavels Volume

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Index?DocID=10218661-201706-201706300003-201706300003-127-136

備註說明

N / A

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