ENGLISH

3 卷 / 2 期

3 卷 / 2 期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-15

論文名稱

不同控制條件對 GPS輔助大比例尺空中三角測量精度之影響

Title

Influence of Control Patterns on the Accuracy of the GPS Supported Aerial Triangulation

作者

王宏仁 , 王蜀嘉

Author

Hung-Jen Wang , Shue-chia Wang

中文摘要

以 GPS 動態測量,於航空攝影時測定攝影站坐標,供作空中三角測量平差計算時的控制點之用,可以替代傳統在地面上佈設大量控制點之工作,以降低航測空中三角測量的成本。國外有關這方面的研究與測試報告已不少。但在國內因缺少這方面設備,一直無法實際測試。受限於經費,成功大學測量系在自行拼湊低價購置之不同廠牌單元組合後,歷經多次試飛,已完成初步之試驗結果,並對不同的控制條件對精度的影響作出研究。經過在地面上佈設檢核點檢核的結果,證實在適當的控制條件下以及適當的賦予投影中心權,確實可以達到台灣地區大比例尺(攝影比例尺大至 1/5000 )的精度需求。由實際實驗中,吾人亦發現一些在高精度之應用時應注意的問題,本文在簡單介紹過 GPS 輔助空中三角測量的理論及系統組合後,將對影響 GPS 輔助空中三角測量的一些重要因素加以探討,以供後人參考。

Abstract

The principle of GPS surpported aerial triangulation is to use GPS to determine the coordinates of the camera exposure centers and then using them as controls. The amount of ground control points required for the aerotriangulation adjustment can thus be reduced. In the past few years, considerable researches and developments of GPS supported aerial trian­gulation have taken place in some countries. But in Taiwan, there is still no any practical experience in this field. This paper presents the first test of applying GPS supported aerial triangulation in Taiwan. The main goals of the test are to study the actual available accu­racy on check points under different control patterns, and to try to find out a proper opera­tional method in Taiwan. Due to limitations on budget, we could not purchase any existing system from well known companies. Instead, we assembled the whole system from existing photo-navigation equipments with minimum new purchasing of some necessary equipments. Based on ground check points, it is found out, that under proper control and proper weight­ing of the GPS determined camera projection centers, the GPS supported aerial triangula­tion can full fill the accuracy requirement of large scale photogrammetry (1/5000). During the experiment, we have also found out some problems which need to be taken care of in high precision applications. These problems will also be analyzed in this paper

關鍵字

空中三角,經驗精度,衛星定位測量

Keywords

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199806-3-2-1-15

Pages:

17-45

論文名稱

利用 LANDSAT 和 NOAA 衛星遙測電廠溫排水口附近海面溫度之研究

Title

Remote Sensing of SST Around the Outfall of A Power Plant from LANDSAT and NOAA Satellites

作者

莊弘豪 , 曾若玄

Author

Hung-Hao Chuang , Ruo-Shan Tseng

中文摘要

本研究利用Landsat 衛星觀測電廠溫排水口附近海面溫度分佈情形,並應用兩種不同的方法修正因大氣吸收所產生的觀測誤差,再與實測水溫結果比較,研究地點主要在興達電廠溫排水口附近海域。研究結果顯示利用Lowtran7 軟體求出大氣透射率及輻射量再配合大氣校正法可大幅提升Landsat-TM 對海面溫度量測的準確度,未作大氣校正前所求出的海面亮度溫度與現場量測的海面溫度相差70C以上,經過大氣修正後準確度可提高至0.94℃;另外,本研究亦提出一利用 NOAA-AVHRR 校正Landsat-TM 的方法,此法結合 NOAA­AVHRR對海面溫度量測的高準確性及Landsat-TM 的高解析度特性,而不須經過大氣校正過程,此法所求出之海面溫度與現場實測溫度比較,準確度達1.01℃;曾文溪口附近海域的海面溫度實測值亦被用來與衛星資料比較,準確度更高達 0.62℃。由興達電廠溫排水口附近海域的實測值資料可知溫水擴散方向與當地潮流有密切關係,且有季節性的擴散特性。

Abstract

Satellite data from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and NOAA Advenced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were used to derive the sea surface temperature (SST) of coastal waters and thermal effluent from Hsinta Power Plant. Ground truth tempera­tures measured simultaneously from a ship as Landsat passed were used to compare with the satellite SST. Two methods were used to estimate the atmospheric correction of TM­derived SST. Local radiosonde measurements were used in Lowtran7 program to estimate the atmospheric effects, sea surface radiances and the atmospheric transmittances. The mean deviation of satellite-estimated SST from the ship-measured SST is 0.94℃ if the atmospheric correction process is applied, otherwise it will be over 7℃ . Secondly, a scheme combining NOAA-AVHRR and Landsat-TM was used to derive SST. The advan­tage of this scheme is that AVHRR-SST has included the atmospheric correction. The mean deviation between the ground truth and satellite-derived SST from this scheme is 1.01℃ for the thermal plume of Hsinta power plant, and 0.62℃ for Tseng-Wen estuarine waters, respectively.

關鍵字

海面溫度、大氣修正、大地衛星

Keywords

Sea surface temperature, atmospheric correction, Landsat

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199806-3-2-17-45

Pages:

47-70

論文名稱

應用地理資訊系統篩選台灣杉造林地

Title

Application of GIS on the Selection of Taiwania Plantation

作者

陳永寬 , 鄭祈全 , 廖錦偉

Author

Yeong-Kuan Chen , Chi-Chuan Cheng , Jiin-Woei Liaw

中文摘要

本研究以台大實驗林為試區,利用集水區為分類單元,以多變值統計之方法,對實驗林進行林地分級之工作,區劃出經濟林與非經濟林之林地區劃。於經濟生產林區內,依台灣杉生育條件,以地理資訊系統技術進行造林地之選擇。研究結果摘要如下: 一、運用多變值統計之因素分析、群落分析、判別分析之方法,將台大實驗林區劃出經濟林區與非經濟林區,將經濟林區內之水源涵養保安林部份去除,得出適合造林生產之林地。 二、於經濟生產林中規劃出適宜台灣杉造林之林地,以第二林班所佔面積百分率 28.09% 最多,第二十二林班 20.37% 次之。以小集水區劃分則以 75 號小集水區之 64.32% 最多,78 號小集水區之 59.00% 次之。其分別位於第二林班和第二十二林班。 本研究有關台灣杉造林地之選擇係由環境因子推估之,而非傳統採用的經驗法則,可提供給森林資源經營管理者於擬定造林計劃時之參考。

Abstract

In this study, the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University (EFNTU) was selected as the study site. First, the subwatersheds within the EFNTU were delineated automatically, then the entire area was classified into economical forest land and non­economical forest land using multivariate statistical methods. In the economical forest land, the geographic information system was applied to select suitable planting sites for Taiwania. The results indicated that: 1. Multivariate statistical methods, such as factor analysis, clustering analysis, and discriminant analysis can be used to categorize economical forest land and non-economical forest land effectively. The protected forest for water conservation within the economical forest land was delineated, and the suitable planting sites were selected. 2. Within the economical forest land, the suitable planting sites for Taiwania were selected. The largest proportion (28.09%) of suitable planting sites was found in compartment 2, and compartment 22 had the second largest proportion (20.37%). When compared in subwatersheds, unit 75 (located in compartment 2) had the largest proportion (64.32%), and unit 78 (located in compartment 22) followed with (59%). Traditionally, the Taiwania plantation was selected based on field experience. In contrast to the traditional measure, this study utilized the environmental factors to select suitable planting sites for Taiwania. This method was found to be helpful for forest resources manager in planning plantation.

關鍵字

林地分級,地理資訊系統,多變值統計分析

Keywords

forest land classification, geographic information system, multivariate statistical analysis

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199806-3-2-47-70

Pages:

71-100

論文名稱

森林植群生態資訊建立之研究

Title

Studies on the Establishment of Forest Ecological Information

作者

吳守從 , 陳永寬

Author

Shoou-Tsorng Wu , Yeong-Kuan Chen

中文摘要

本研究以台灣中部南投縣信義鄉之沙里仙地區為範圍,地理資訊系統為工具,配合植群分析理論與相關統計方法,進行森林植群生態資訊之構建工作。研究過程中,除探討研究區植群社會的結構問題、推演其與地理環境因子間之相關模式外,並藉此模式推導研究區各生態介量之分布圖。本研究所得重要結果如下: 一、利用降趨對應分析及列表比較法進行植群分析,同時參考前人之研究結果後,將研究區分為冷杉林帶、鐵杉一雲杉林帶、櫟林帶及楠櫧林帶等四類。利用 Weibull 機率密度函數求解各林帶之 B 、C 值,得知調查區內各林帶之林分結構,以中、小級徑木居多,且其林分結構型態皆屬鐘形右偏歪曲線或反 J 型曲線,顯示各林帶之天然更新狀況良好,同時在演替上亦逐漸趨於穩定狀態。就各林帶之木本植物歧異度而言,針葉林帶明顯較闊葉林帶為小,顯示針葉林之物種組成較為單純,而闊葉林之物種組成較為複雜。 二、判別分析之結果,可提供進行研究區內植群社會、林分結構、木本植物歧異度等空間分布狀況之模擬。其中植群社會之空間分布主要受海拔高、坡度、水分梯度及直射光空域等地理環境因子之影響;林分木本植物之歧異度主要受海拔高、坡向、水份梯度及地質等地理環境因子之影響;而坡向、坡度、全天光空域及地質等地理環境因子影響林分各徑級立木之分布比例;坡度則影響林木直徑之分布型態。

Abstract

This study selected the Salisen region at Hsinyi of Nantou County as a study area, and utilized the geographic information system, vegetation analysis method and multivariate statistics, to discuss how to build an ecological information of vegetation in natural forest. In this study, the structure of plant society was explored and derived the models from the ecological vegetation parameters and geographic factors. Then these model was used to simulate the distribution maps of vegetation parameters for the study area. The results indi­cated as follow: 1. The vegetation types of study area were divided into Abies zone, Tsuga-Picea zone, Quercus zone and Machilus-Castanopsis zone by detrended correspondence analysis and table rearrangement. Besides, the B, C values of Weibull probability density function and Shannon's diversity index for each vegetation zone were calculated. It showed that the natural regeneration of each vegetation zone was fine and its stand structure was stabile. The diversity of broad-leaved forest was more abundant than coniferous forest. 2. The distribution pattern of vegetation zone, diversity index, and stand structure were simulated by discriminant analysis. The accuracy of classification was over than 70 percent. The vegetation distribution was affected by elevation, slope, moisture gradient class and direct light skyspace. The diversity was affected by elevation, aspect, moisture gradient class and geology. The aspect, slope, whole light skyspace and geology, influenced the B value of Weibull probability density function. The slope affected the C value of Weibull probability density function.

關鍵字

植群生態資訊、地理資訊系統、植群分析、林分結構

Keywords

Vegetation database, GIS, Vegetation analysis, Stand structure

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199806-3-2-71-100

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