ENGLISH

5卷/3期

5卷/3期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-13

論文名稱

多重疊航測影像中人工建築物三維模型之重建

Title

3-D Building Reconstruction from Multi-view Aerial Images

作者

陳正穎 , 陳良健

Author

Cheng-Yin Chen , Liang-Chien Chen

中文摘要

以自動化方式進行立體製圖時,常遇到如遮蔽、陰影或特徵不明顯等資訊不足的情況,此時須將人為判斷與推論的方式與過程程式化。為了減少此種資訊不足的情況,常透過增加幾何、光譜的資訊或加入人為的判斷,來輔助人工建築物特徵萃取或三維模型重建的工作。 考量幾何資訊之增加,本研究嘗試利用雙向重疊均約為60%的四重疊影像,進行房屋三維模型的重建工作。主要有二個處理程序, (1) 最小二乘法影像匹配:產生數值表面模型 ( Digital Surface Model )及 (2) 一序列的處理程序,包括了最鄰近勻化法、多重解析力邊緣偵測、局部最大值邊緣細化、CLR匹配法。利用數值表面模型得到房屋候選區塊,找出每一個房屋候選區塊內的房屋邊界候選點,並進行Hough直線偵測、直線分組與屋角點三維坐標之計算。以上處理之各雙像立體對亦完成整合。 由實驗結果得知,多重疊航測影像可萃取出較多房屋邊界的資訊,並經由立體匹配得到房屋邊界之三維資訊,進而重建房屋之三維模型。另外,在某些條件下,斜頂房屋物空間之缺漏邊界,亦能透過物空間與像空間的轉換,到像空間去搜尋是否有符合條件的直線段,輔助人工建築物三維模型重建工作。

Abstract

In an automated procedure for stereoscopic mapping, reasoning is always needed when insufficient information due to occlusions, shadows, or indistinctness of image features is encountered. In order to alleviate the influence of the information insufficiency, it is common to include more geometric or spectral data source to assist the reconstruction for 3-D man-made buildings. Considering the improvement of geometric information, this investigation uses aeria1 quadruplets with 60% overlap in two perpendicular directions to perform the reconstruction for man- made buildings. Two major components include (1) generation of digital surface mode1 (DSM) by templet matching, and (2) feature extraction and processing such as image smoothing, edge detection, edge thinning, and CLR matching. Based on the blocks extraction from DSM, each potentia1 building is extracted followed by edge detection, Hough transform to detect straight lines, line grouping, and 3-D positioning for bui1ding corners. All the stereopairs composed by 4 images are integrated in this study. Experimental results indicate that, as compared to stereopairs quadruplets cou1d be extracted more edge information for better 3-D building reconstruction . In addition, it is also possible to complete the gable roof when only partial edge information is available by using dual searching between image space and object space.

關鍵字

人工建築物三維模型重建、數值表面模型、多重疊航測影像

Keywords

3-D Building Reconstruction, Digital Surface Model (DSM), Multi-view Aerial Images

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200009-5-3-1-13

Pages:

15-42

論文名稱

空照彩色立體像對中人工建築物萃取之研究

Title

Building Extraction from Aerial Color Stereopairs

作者

徐偉城

Author

Wei -Chen Hsu

中文摘要

三維地理資料的重要性日益增加,其對如三維都市模型、景觀模擬、無線電基地台之選址等均極重要。以台灣的地理條件和科技發展,航空攝影測量仍為最重要的製圖方法,而目前雖然已能自動化的處理空中三角測量,但在地物的自動測繪方面,仍然不能得到令人滿意的成果。因此人工建築物的自動化重建,是目前數值攝影測量的重要研究課題。 由於人工建築物具有相當的特性,因此要自動化的重建,就必須盡量的萃取出其特徵資訊,包括點、線、面及其高程。本研究使用空照彩色立體像對,針對像空間中房屋特徵進行萃取。主要利用影像灰度值和幾何條件:先進行色彩模型轉換,分離不同之光譜反應值,並以區塊成長法萃取均調之屋頂面,再結合邊緣線偵測的結果,以本研究所設計之「邊緣線強度極大值法」找出屋角點之位置,並決定屋頂之形狀。最後使用本研究提出之「CLR特徵匹配法」,以三個視窗分別進行匹配,再選擇其中相關性最高者,以求得房屋邊界之視差值,並檢核萃取成果之合理性。

Abstract

Three dimensional geographic data is getting important. For those applications such as 3-D city model, landscape visualization, selection of base station for telecommunication, the topographic data is indispensable. Photogrammetric mapping technology is still the major approach for 3-D topographic mapping. The technology has evolved from analogue to analytical one and now toward automation. In the automation, aerial triangulation has been successful and in operation. On the othe hand, the automated determination for ground object is still in the early stage. Reconstruction of man-made building, in particular, is the major task in the photogrammetric automation. On the contrary to natural objects, man-made buildings are with regular boundaries and elevation drops. Thus, it is needed to extract corner points, edges, regions, and elevation distribution in reconstruction for man-made buildings. This investigation uses aerial color stereoscopic images to reconstruct those buildings. Considering spectral and geometric characteristics, the components of the reconstruction are:(l)color transformation, (2)region growing, (3)edge detection, and (4)corner detection. Finally, we develop a CLR matching algorithm which uses three windows to determine and to validate the disparities for the building boundaries.

關鍵字

數值攝影測量、特徵萃取、影像匹配

Keywords

Digital photogrammetry, Feature extraction, Image matching

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200009-5-3-15-42

Pages:

43-55

論文名稱

逐層分割群聚法及反覆移動均值群聚法於地覆非監督式分類之比較

Title

Comparison between Hierarchical Partitioning and Iterative Migrating Means Clustering Algorithms in Unsupervised Classification of Land Cover

作者

黃凱易

Author

Kai-Yi Huang

中文摘要

群聚法常用於執行地覆非監督式分類、顯示資料內部結構及協助監督式分類選取所需之訓練樣本。常用的反覆移動均值法,有數項輸入參數,然群聚結果易受輸入值左右,且因需遞迴運算,效率較差。本研究之目的係發展一逐層分割群聚法,可改善上述問題,作為反覆法的替代性選擇。逐層分割法是依據超平面和二元樹建構而成。本研究以實驗田圃錄影資料檢測兩群聚法,並就操作難易、運作效率、參數影響及分類準確度等條件比較結果。逐層分割法只需輸入一個參數,即最大群集數,且容易操作,受輸入參數之影響較小。逐層分割法效率遠高於反覆移動均值法,惟在分類準確度上稍遜於反覆法,然可能純屬統計誤差。因此逐層分割法在地覆非監督分類上確可為反覆移動均值法的替代選擇。

Abstract

Clustering algorithms are commonly used to perform an unsupervised classification, to expose internal data structures, and to facilitate the selection of training samples for a supervised classification. The iterative migrating means clustering algorithm (IMMCA) has several input parameters, some of them are difficult to determine, and thus clustering results are easily affected by inappropriate values of input parameters. Moreover, IMMCA is inefficient due to its iterative clustering process. The objective of this study was to develop a hierarchical partitioning clustering algorithm which can alleviate the problems stated above and serve as an alternative to IMMCA. The clustering algorithm was developed based on the concepts of hyperplane and binary tree. The two clustering algorithms were compared in the unsupervised classification of the video image data in terms of friendliness, efficiency, influence of input parameters, and classification accuracy. The new algorithm needed to determine only an input parameter, the maximum number of cluster, and was users friendly. It was much more efficient than IMMCA, but had a slightly lower classification accuracy than that of IMMCA. Therefore, it could be used as an alternative to IMMCA when applied to an unsupervised classification of land cover.

關鍵字

群聚法、逐層分割群聚法、反覆移動均值法、非監督式分類

Keywords

Clustering algorithm, Hierarchical partitioning algorithm, Iterative migrating means algorithm, Unsupervised classification

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200009-5-3-43-55

Pages:

57-74

論文名稱

「科技短文」應用遙測與水文模式於水庫集水區水源涵養之推估

Title

The Application of Remote Sensing and Hydrological model on Water Conservation Capacity Estimation for Reservoir Watershed Area

作者

周天穎 , 楊龍士 , 陳美心

Author

Tien-Yin Chou , Lung-Shih Yang , Mei-Hsin Chen

中文摘要

本研究之目的係分析林地或其他土地使用變化對水源涵養量之影響。應用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information Systems;GIS) 建立大埔水庫集水區數值資料庫以利進行水文分析,並應用遙感探測技術 (Remote Sensing;RS)及全球衛星定位系統 (Global Positioning System;GPS) 技術以取得集水區內植生覆蓋與土地利用變遷資訊,再配合水文模擬程序(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran;HSPF )模式,推估大埔水庫集水區土地利用變化對水源涵養量之影響。本研究發現驗證區土地利用變遷之情況尚稱輕微,最大之變化在果園,其次是林地,但其面積百分率之變化都在5.5%以下;應用HSPF模式之降雨逕流模式推估大埔水庫集水區不同土地使用變化對水源涵養量之影響,可有效推估暴雨與逕流的關係,以提供集水區管理之重要參考依據。

Abstract

This study is to integrate and analyze the impact on water conservation due to deforestation or other land use pattern changes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were adopted to build a digital database for reservoir area and hydrologic analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) were performed to extract and identify the surface vegetation details and land use changes information. Hydrologic model (Hydrological Simulation Program­Fortran; HSPF) for water conservation capacity estimation from land use changes at Da-Pu Reservoir Watershed. This study found the major land use changes existed in watershed area were orchard and forest, but both change rates were below 5.5%. The outcome also demonstrated the effectiveness of simulating the relationship between heavy rainfall and runoff by applying HSPF model. This study can provide an important reference for sound watershed management.

關鍵字

水源涵養、遙感探測、水文模式

Keywords

Water Conservation Capacity, Remote Sensing, Hydrological Model

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200009-5-3-57-74

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