ENGLISH

8卷/3期

8卷/3期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-14

論文名稱

利用SAR 影像研究蘇祿海的內波

Title

Using SAR Images to Study Internal Waves in the Sulu Sea

作者

許明光;劉安國;李周衡

Author

Ming-Kuang Hsu;Antony K. Liu;Chou-Han Lee

中文摘要

菲律賓南部蘇祿海(Sulu Sea)的內波相當活躍,本研究蒐集了1996至2001年間,新加坡大學遙測及影像處理中心(CRISP)所接收之ERS-1/2衛星在該海域上空所攝得約400張之SAR影像,來探討蘇祿海內波之發源、傳播及演化。經歸納分析發現,蘇祿海內波的發源、傳播、演化與Apel et al.(1985)及Liu et al.(1985)論文所描述的大致相同。內波發源於蘇祿海東南部海域,內波產生後,向西北方向傳播;而蘇祿海的東北海域則完全沒有內波。然本研究發現更多的細節,例如蘇祿海內波的源點不只一處,以及不同源點波峰線延伸並銜接的『手牽手』現象;此外蘇祿海的西側,內波受地形的影響,有非常明顯的折射及反射現象。

Abstract

Large-scaled internal waves are active in the Sulu Sea, South of Philippine. In this paper, we had collected more than 400 of ERS-1/2 SAR images, obtained during 1996 and 2001, from web site of Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), http://crisp.nus.edu.sg. First, we plotted the distribution map of the internal waves in the Sulu Sea. From this map, we study the generation, propagation and evolution of internal waves in the Sulu Sea. We found similar results as mentioned in Apel et al. (1985) and Liu et al.(1985). It is found that most of the internal waves are generated from the Sulu archipelago in southeast of the Sulu Sea and travels toward the Palawan Island. But, SAR images provide us more details. SAR images indicated that there are at least 3 sources. Wave fronts from each source will interact and be connected as a long wave crest with length of 100 km near the source. The 2D effect of "hand-in-hand" phenomenon is essential for the formation of huge internal solitons in the Sulu Sea. The SAR images also showed us some other features, such as no internal waves in the North East of the Sulu Sea, the refraction and diffraction of internal waves are clear in the shallow water South West of the Sulu Sea.

關鍵字

內波,合成孔徑雷達,蘇祿海

Keywords

Internal Wave,SAR,Sulu Sea

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-1-14

Pages:

15-32

論文名稱

空載雷射掃瞄安置角自動化率定

Title

Automated Calibration of Mounting Angles of the Airborne Laser Scanning

作者

尤瑞哲;游勳喬

Author

R.J.You;H.C.Yu

中文摘要

安置角的率定是高精度的空載雷射掃瞄作業中一項重要的工作,本文嘗試提出一套自動化的方法來率定空載雷射掃瞄系統ScaLARS之安置角,以改善目前人工率定方法之缺失。實驗的結果證實,利用本文所提的方法所得到的成果要比採用人工進行率定的成果精度高,而且因為採用了大量的觀測量進行計算,所以成果也較為可靠。

Abstract

The calibration of mounting angles is one of the important works of the highly precise airborne laser scanning. In the paper, an effectively automated calibration of mounting angles is developed for improving the defect of the present hand-operated calibration. The results of the experiments have shown that the automated calibration developed here can obtain better and more reliable achievements than the present hand-operated calibration, because huge observations are used in the automated calibration.

關鍵字

空載雷射掃瞄,安置角,慣性導航系統,全球定位系統

Keywords

airborne laser scanning,mounting angles,INS,GPS

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-15-32

Pages:

33-58

論文名稱

集水區空間貿訊萃取及坡面泥砂產量推估之研究

Title

Automated Watershed Delineation for Spatial Information Extraction and Slopeland Sediment Yield Evaluation

作者

林文賜;林昭遠;周天穎

Author

Wen-Tzu Lin;Chao-Yuan Lin;Tien-Yin Chou

中文摘要

水土保持之理論基礎及實務應用多以集水區為評估單元,往昔集水區資訊之萃取主要以人工方式量測,近年來隨電腦科技之進步,數值高程模型資料於集水區自動劃分及水系網萃取的技術已臻成熟,利用電腦量化集水區資訊應用於坡地災害分析為時勢所趨。本研究以集水區自動劃分理論為主軸,針對窪地出口、流向迴路、集水區門檻值劃分及水系網萃取等項目提出改進方法,以石門、德基及曾文水庫集水區為驗證樣區,自動萃取集水區範圍及水系網分布。另由集水區自動劃分理論,結合通用土壤流失公式(USLE)及泥砂遞移率(SDR)之計算,建立集水區坡面泥砂產量推估模式,以石門、德基、曾文水庫及二仁溪上游集水區為驗證區域,推估集水區土壤沖蝕量及坡面泥砂產量之空間分布,其結果分述如下:藉由高差法(Jenson and Domlngue,1988)及本研究所推導之斜面法能計算集水區之初始流向,輔以窪地集水區法結合PROMETHEE理論計算建立集水區之無窪地流向。石門、德基及曾文水庫集水區之流向計算,與傳統方法(高程平滑化法、窪地填高法及逐步填高法)比較,以窪地集水區法最為精確。以石門、德基及曾文水庫集水區之水庫大壩為出流口,動態萃取之集水區面積為75634 ha、52367 ha及48395 ha。而真實水系網之萃取,由於集水區之地形、地質、土壤及氣候為非均一性,單一門檻值所萃取水系網無法代表真實水系網,本研究以多重門檻值取代傳統單一門檻值,其結果可確實反應水系網分布現況。集水區坡面泥砂產量之推估結果,石門、德基、曾文水庫及二仁溪上游集水區之年泥砂產量分別為1928168 tons/yr、1793742 tons/yr、4807205 tons/yr及5074396tons/yr,年平均沖蝕深度分別為1.82mm、2.45mm、7.10mm及25.81mm,以有泥岩分布之曾文水庫及二仁溪上游集水區較為嚴重。集水區坡面泥砂產量推估以Nash and Sutcliffe (1970)公式所計算之模式效率(ME)為81.21%,另由集水區泥砂產量推估值(Ŷ)與實測值(Y)相關分析結果,呈顯著正相關Ŷ=1.15Y(R^2=0.96*,n=4)。

Abstract

Watershed unit has been regarded as an analyzed object for slopeland disaster assessment. With the fast growing progress of computer technologies, instead of manual operation, there is a trend of applying Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in automated watershed delineating and drainage network design. This study first focused on improving extraction method for automated watershed delineating. The concepts for depression outlets decision, looped drainage direction calculation, reasonable watersheds area delineation, and simulation of realistic drainage networks are all revised to propose a new approach for more reasonable and efficient in watershed delineation. Three major reservoir watersheds (Shihmen, Techi and Tsenwen) were chosen to calculate watershed geomorphologic and hydrologic information for verifying the suitability of proposed approach. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) coupled with automated watershed delineation theory is applied to estimate watershed sediment yield. The system shows good performance for Shihmen, Techi, Tsenwen reservoir and Erzen creek watersheds. The results are summarized as follows: This study proposed surface-inclining approach to couple with elevation-differencing approach (Jenson and Domingue, 1988) for determining incipient drainage directions. The calculation of optimal outlet and drainage direction in the depressions can be performed using watershed depression approach with PROMETHEE theory. Compared with elevation-smoothing, depression-filling and repeatedly elevation-incrementing approaches, the drainage directions for Shihmen, Techi and Twensen reservoir watersheds calculated by watershed depression approach show more reasonable and realistic outcomes. The watershed area extracted for Shihmen, Techi and Twensen reservoir with the outlet located at the site of dam is 75634 ha, 52367 ha and 48396 ha, respectively. Due to inhomogeneous characteristics of geomorphology, geology, soil and/or climates of a watershed, the real drainage networks can not be delineated properly using single-threshold approach. Instead, a multiple-threshold approach is developed to cope with the real spatial distribution of streams in a watershed. Annual watershed sediment yield calculated for Shihmen, Techi, Twensen reservoirs and Erzen creek is 1928168 tons/yr, 1793742 tons/yr, 4807205 tons/yr and 5074396 tons/yr, and the corresponding annual erosion depth is 1.82mm, 2.45mm, 7.10mm and 25.81mm, respectively. Tsenwen reservoir and Erzen creek show higher erosion depth because of moderate mudstone distribution in the watershed. Model efficiency calculated using Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) for sediment yield estimation is 81.21%, the model (Ŷ=1.15Y, R^2=0.96*) shows significant correlation between estimated (Ŷ) and measured (Y) data.

關鍵字

集水區自動劃分,窪地集水區,多重門檻值,泥砂遞移率,泥砂產量;

Keywords

Automated watershed delineation,Depression watershed,Multiple-threshold method,Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR),Sediment Yield

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-33-58

Pages:

59-79

論文名稱

以模型與近景影像套合之建物重建法

Title

Building Reconstruction by Fitting Model to Close-Range Images

作者

王正忠;曾義星

Author

Cheng-Chung Wang;Yi-Hsing Tseng

中文摘要

三維城市模型的建置(3D City Modeling)是目前熱門的研究課題,其中以三維建物資料的獲取為首要研究目標。本文以近景攝影測量的原理,提出以建物模型套合影像的方法來完成建物重建的工作。所提出的模型與影像套合分別應用在影像方位的計算及建物部分的萃取,當目標建物已具有粗略或部分的量測資訊,則可當成控制模型,此時可調整影像外方位元素來達到影像與控制模型的最佳套合來求解影像方位;當影像方位為已知,可利用CSG(Constructive solid Geometry)模型代表建物,並以調整CSG元件之形狀與方位參數與影像套合來進行建物重建。所提出的方法特別適合於某都市區已先以航空攝影測量建立建物的精簡模型,而需針對某些已改建、結構較複雜或具有代表性的建物再使用近景攝影測量將原先的精簡模型修正或細節化,以建立更為完備的三維建物模型。本文突破傳統以點位立體量測建置空間資訊的攝影測量觀念,運用模型為單元進行物件式的自動化量測,提高建物重建的效率。文中之實驗例驗證了方法之可行性,並評估所萃取得的建物模型之幾何精度與點位量測相當。

Abstract

Many applications, such as traffic management, urban planning, tourism, require 3D city model as their basic spatial information, which makes building extraction a hot research topic in the last two decades. This paper proposes a close-range photogrammetric procedure for building reconstruction based on model-image fitting. The model-image fitting process is applied in image orientation recovery and building part extraction. For image orientation recovery, previously measured building parts or outline can be used as control models. Orientation recovery is achieved by adjusting orientation parameters so as the image optimally fits to the control models. For building part extraction, the shape and pose parameters of a representative CSG primitive are adjusted to fit all of the corresponding images. The proposed procedure is especially suitable for updating or refining some building models in a city model built previously using aerial photogrammetry. Breaking through the traditional point measurement concept, this paper promotes a model (or object) based measurement concept to increase the efficiency of building reconstruction. Some experimental tests are demonstrated to show the feasibility of the proposed method. The accuracy assessment of the test results shows that the accuracy of proposed method is comparable to that of manual point measurement.

關鍵字

近景攝影測量,建物重建,模型式建物萃取,模型與影像套合,建構實體幾何

Keywords

Close-Range Photogrammetry,Building Reconstruction,Model-based Building Extraction,Model-Image Fitting,Constructive Solid Geometry

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-59-72

Pages:

73-94

論文名稱

EROS A 衛星影像幾何改正之研究

Title

Geometric Correction for EROS A High Resolution Satellite Images

作者

張智安;陳良健

Author

Tee-Ann Teo;Liang-Chien Chen

中文摘要

本研究之目的為針對EROS A衛星影像建立幾何改正模式,主要工作包含軌道修正及影像正射化兩個部份。研究中將使用衛星載體資料並配合地面控制點進行軌道修正,依修正後之軌道配合數值地形模型進行影像正射化。在軌道修正方面,分別提出光束法及載體參數修正法兩種模式。在影像正射化方面,使用逆轉換模式建立物空間及像空間之對應關係,為提昇逆轉換模式之運算效率,使用網格化方式將影像分成區塊進行處理。實驗結果顯示,就飛行弧長比大於13之EROS A單張像幅而言,軌道修正時檢核點之均方根誤差為2至2.5個像元之精度。在影像正射化部份,以逆轉換模式所產生之正射影像,其檢核點均方根誤差在像平面上亦達2至2.5個像元之精度。

Abstract

The objective of this investigation is to build up a geometric correction model for EROS A satellite images. The major works comprise orbit modeling and orthorectification. In addition to the Bundle Adjustment and On-board Data Correction Method in orbit modeling, we include least squares filtering technique to compensate for the local systematic errors. Considering the indirect approach in orthorectification, a Point-by-point Backprojection Method is developed. We also propose Patch Backprojection Method to minimize the computation load without significantly losing accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme may reach an accuracy of 2.5 pixels in orbit modeling for an image with an asynchronous ratio of 13. The accuracy of the generated orthoimage is equivalent to the one for orbit modeling.

關鍵字

EROS A 衛星影像,軌道修正,影像正射化;

Keywords

EROS A Satellite Images,Orbit

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-73-94

Pages:

95-109

論文名稱

「科技短文」遙測技術應用於臺灣西海岸五十年來變遷分析

Title

Application of Remote Sensing for the Change Analysis of the Western Coast of Taiwan in the Last Fifty Years

作者

吳哲榮;吳啟南

Author

Jer-Rong Wu;Chi-Nan Wu

中文摘要

台灣主要河川大多流向西海岸而入海,海岸工程建設亦集中於西海岸,加以近年來西南海岸因地下水超抽導致的地盤下陷等因素,使西海岸地形的變化相對複雜於東海岸。本文利用1947~1949年航空照片及1973~1999年衛星影像等多時遙測資料,分析台灣西海岸五十年來變遷情形,以提供有關單位做為海岸保護、開發及土地利用規劃之參考。航空照片經由電腦影像掃描數化後,完成幾何校正、重新取樣與影像鑲嵌等前處理,再進行套疊變遷分析。衛星影像經幾何校正、重新取樣及影像正規化後,進行各種變遷方法分析。結果顯示,研究區侵蝕最嚴重的地區為八里海岸、新竹漁港南岸、箔子寮漁港南岸、好美里海埔地以及西南海岸各離岸沙洲。

Abstract

Most of major rivers on the western coast of Taiwan flow into the Taiwan strait, and dense artificial constructions are distributed on the western coast, Besides, the areas of land subsidence induced by ground water over-pumping are also concentrated on the western coast. Therefore, the coastal zone of western Taiwan has more complicated topographic change than that of eastern Taiwan. In this study, multi-temporal remote sensing data, including aerial photographs dated from 1947 to 1949 and satellite images dated from 1973 to 1999, were used to analyze the change of western Taiwan coast. Aerial photographs were digitized, geometrically corrected and mosaicked before overlay analysis. On the other hand, satellites images were geometrically corrected, resampled and normalized before change analysis by means of various change detection methods. Results showed that the most serious erosion areas on the western coast include Bali coast, the southern coast of Hsinchu harbor, Poutsuliao coast, Howmeili reclaimed land coast, and the sandbars offshore the southwestern coast.

關鍵字

海岸變遷,遙感探測,侵蝕海岸,堆積海岸

Keywords

Remote Sensing,Coastal Change,Erosion Coast,Sedimentary Coast

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-95-109

Pages:

111-115

論文名稱

尼泊爾皇家測繪局參訪報告

Title

作者

廖子毅

Author

中文摘要

第23屆亞洲遙測研討會於2002年11月25日至2002年11月29日假尼泊爾首府加德滿都舉行,筆者藉與會之便參訪尼泊爾皇家測繪局。過程中實地參觀製圖生產線,了解尼國測繪業務之現況、成果與發展方向。

Abstract

關鍵字

Keywords

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200309-8-3-111-115

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