ENGLISH

8卷/4期

8卷/4期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-8

論文名稱

整合地理資訊系統及多元迴歸模式推估台灣南部山區山羌棲地選擇之初探

Title

A Preliminary Study on Integrating Geographic Information System and Multivariate Statistical Method to Model Muntjacs Habitat Use in Mountain Area of Southern Taiwan

作者

賴玉菁;裴家騏;許立達;姜博仁

Author

Yu-Ching Lai;Jai-Chyi Pei;Li-Ta Hsu;Po-Jen Chiang

中文摘要

本研究應用多變值統計迴歸分析之原理,建立台灣南部山區山羌(Muntiacus reevesi)之棲地分佈模式。使用自動照相設備收集山羌的野外調查資料,並利用數值地形資料庫與土地利用圖,產生棲地變數,以多元迴歸分析建立研究區域之山羌棲地模式,並利用此一模式推估全區之山羌棲地分佈。以樣點所在位置之模式預測值檢測,可達84%之準確率。依此棲地模式推估所得之山羌棲地分佈圖顯示,在低海拔平緩坡地,山羌的族群密度相對較高,而在高海拔地區之平緩潮濕地區,則山羌也可達到一定之族群密度,此一結果與以往之觀察研究結果吻合。研究結果顯示,使用多變值統計迴歸分析結合地理資訊系統可以瞭解山羌對棲地之選擇,有效地建立山羌之棲地模式,並進而推估山羌之空間分佈。

Abstract

The ability to model habitat use and change in distribution of habitat is of considerable importance in wildlife management. In this study, Muntjac abundance obtained from auto-triggered cameras and habitat variables, such as elevation, aspect, slope, whole light sky space (WLS), forest cover type, forest cover type diversity, distance to river' and distance to road, were used to explain habitat selection and to identify areas of high use potential of Muntjac in natural forest of southern Taiwan. The model 15 based on the multivariate regression statistic coupled with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to incorporate spatial correlation of wildlife-habitat relationship. Calculations were made with the GIS to generate spatial habitat variables and to produce a map containing habitat use potential that could not otherwise be independent by independent perusal of any single map layer. Confirmation of the accuracy of predictions of Muntjacs' habitat distribution was assessed with both survey data and exPert'5 evaluation. Results shown that this technique is a useful tool for habitat mapping on a landscape scale.

關鍵字

棲地模式,地理資訊系統,空間分布,山羌

Keywords

GIS,habitat selection,Reeves' Muntjac,spatial distribution

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-1-8

Pages:

9-28

論文名稱

IKONOS衛星影像正射改正之研究

Title

The Generation of Orthophotos from IKONOS Satellite Images

作者

陳良健;羅秋月

Author

Liang-Chien Chen;Chiu-Yueh Lo

中文摘要

由於IKONOS衛星影像具有甚高之空間解析度,對於大比例尺製圖而言具有相當高的潛力。因此本研究之重點即為考慮地形起伏、建築物存在及相互遮蔽問題之IKONOS衛星影像正射化為主要工作。就IKONOS衛星而言,無法取得原始影像,因此以其使用率最高的GEO等級影像為本研究之標的。因考慮地形及房屋在影像中所造成的遮蔽,故所產生之正射影像稱為“真實正射影像”.研究之方法包括:(1)對地面控制點進行高差移位改正,(2)進行影像座標與地面座標問之二維轉換,(3)對正射影像之每一個像元進行反投影,(4)使用數值地形模型進行前步驟所得像元之高差移位校正,(5)像重新取樣。針對真實正射影像之產生尚需進行房屋區高差移位校正及遮蔽區處理。實驗成果顯示,在僅使用6個地面控制點之情況下,不論是僅考慮數值地形模型所產生之正射影像或使用房屋模型所產生之真實正射影像,其定位誤差均優於2m。

Abstract

Due to its high spatial resolution, IKONOS imagery has a very high potential for large-scale topographic mapping. The focus of this investigation is performing the geometric correction for the IKONOS satellite images. Since raw image data would, in general, not be provided by the satellite company, we have developed a method that performs the rectification of IKONOS GEO images. We also considered the occlusions caused by terrain and buildings, thus, the generated orthoimages will be called the True "Orthoimage". The proposed scheme includes the following steps (1) the correction of relief displacement for GCPs, (2) the performing of two dimensional transformation between the ground coordinate system and the image coordinate system, (3) the performing of back projection for each pixel in the orthoimage, (4) the use of DTM to calculate the relief displacement for the pixel in the previous step, and (5) image resampling. Relief corrections for buildings and occlusion process will also be handled toward generation of true orthoimage. The experimental results indicate that the generated orthoimages, including the ones by using DTM and the one considering building effects, may reach an accuracy of 2m, when 6 GCPs were employed.

關鍵字

IKONOS,正射影像,高差移位,仿射轉換

Keywords

IKONOS,Orthophotos,Relief Displacement,Affine Transformation

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-9-28

Pages:

29-42

論文名稱

SPOT影像與航照資料應用於崩塌地辨識之探討

Title

Landslides Identification Using SPOT Imageries and Aerial Photographs

作者

蕭國鑫;尹承遠;劉進金;遊明芳;王晉倫

Author

Kuo-Hsin Hsiao;Chen-Yuan Yin;Jin-King Liu;Ming-Fang Yu;Chin-Lun Wang

中文摘要

本研究利用SPOT資料,結合影像自動分類、綠度與亮度植生指數,初步研判台灣中、北部的崩塌地區;再疊合3D透視影像與地形圖資訊所輔助螢幕判釋及數化的向量資料,以確定是否為崩塌地及修正辨識範圍,再與航照判釋成果比對。結果顯示 SPOT 影像受限於空間解像力及混合像元效應影響,若崩塌面積小於3 個像元,或在陰影區與靠近農作區的小型崩塌、崩塌後尚有植被或草類生長地區就不容易辨識,所以辨識崩塌個數及面積遠低於航照判釋結果;但對於較大型崩塌或需要快速得知災後崩塌資訊者,則可提供最迅速的崩塌資料。另由航照判釋崩塌資訊顯示,台灣中、北部地區崩塌地數量以小於1公頃者最多,崩塌面積則大部份介於1~50公頃之間;而發生崩塌的坡度以15°~30°的坡地居多,其次為30°~ 45°的坡度範圍,坡度在5°以下或75°以上者,甚少有崩塌發生。

Abstract

SPOT images of Central and Northern Taiwan were used for identifying landslides and obtaining a distribution map of landslides. Three phases were adopted in this study, one is combining an image classification and a threshold of indices of greenness, and brightness values. Second is a modification of the above-result by on-screen interpretation of the classified image in a 3D perspective. Last is a further comparison with those interpreted from aerial photographs. It is concluded that a minimum identifiable unit of landslides on SPOT image would be larger than 3 pixels. Landslides in an area of near residential or farmlands, or landslides which are partially-vegetated, are usually overlooked because they are not be readily distinguishable with the environments. Thus, stereo-interpretation of conventional aerial photographs identifies a lot more landslides in these areas. Nevertheless, the advantage of large coverage of 60 km of a SPOT image as compared to 1~3 km coverage of an aerial photograph would intrigue the applications of emergent enumeration of hazards, However, a scheme combining both advantages of SPOT and aerial photographs is a sound solution for providing a single source of standardized information about landslides in Taiwan. The statistics of landslides obtained in this study by air-photos shows that the majority of the landslides are smaller than 1 hectare; whereas, most of the landslides are in an area size between 1 to50 hectares and most of them are in a gradient of 15 to 30 degrees.

關鍵字

崩塌,纓帽轉換,影像分類

Keywords

Landslide,Tasselled-Cap Transformation,Image Classification

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-29-42

Pages:

43-70

論文名稱

「科技短文」數值地形模型在基本圖航空攝影規劃上之應用

Title

Application of DTM in Photogrammetric Planning for Base Map Mapping

作者

黃震靜;陳永寬

Author

Jenn-Jinq Huang;Yeong-Kuan Chen

中文摘要

本研究主要目的在探討應用數值地形模型(DTM)資料配合GIS、GPS技術以航線設計軟體規劃l/5000林區像片基本圖測繪時,所需之1/17000像比例尺航空攝影數位航線檔案,並以電腦模擬,確定該數值航線檔案之準確性,以作為國內五千分一基本圖測繪航空攝影時參考。本研究之40m×40m數值地形模型資料由行政院農業委員會林務局農林航空測量所生產,利用地理資訊系統相關模組進行基本圖高程基準面區分,航空攝影像比例尺設定,配合航線設計軟體規劃值檔航線;利用DTM三維視覺,進行像隔涵蓋檢核與地形立體影像模擬。本研究所得結果如下:1. 以GIS空間結構建置臺灣1/5 000像片基本圖資料,配合GIS統計分析疊合功能,迅速、準確規劃GPS航空攝影數值航線檔案。2.設計完成之臺灣1/5000像片基本圖GPS航空攝影數值航線檔,可提供基本圖修測時航空攝影之參考。3.應用DTM三維視覺驗證,可作為其他GPS航空攝影航線規劃檢核使用。4.配合本地太陽位置之DTM地形立體陰影模擬,可正確選擇合適攝影時段,避開山區地形陰影覆蓋。

Abstract

The accuracy of flight lines of photogrammetry is essential for acquiring aerial photos that satisfy the desired scale. For instance, accurate flight lines based on 1/17000 aerial photos are usually required to produce 1/5000 image maps. The purpose of this research is to utilize DTM (Digital Terrain Model), GIS, and GPS to derive digital flight lines as the reference of photogrammetric mission planning for producing 1/5000 image maps. Using GIS and DTM with 40 meter grids, we can depict the terrain relief and determine the datum of base maps as well as photo scale. Then the digital flight lines can be derived using flight mission planning software. By using DTM and 3-D visualization techniques, the accuracy of flight lines can be verified, and simulated images of the terrain can be obtained. The results achieved in this research are: 1. GIS was used to establish the database of 1/5000 image maps of Taiwan. Accurate digital flight lines for GPS aided aerial photography can be created rapidly by using the statistical analysis and overlapping functions of GIS. 2. The derived digital flight lines can be used as reference for photogrammetric mission planning for 1/5000 image maps. 3. The techniques of verifying the accuracy of flight lines Using DTM and 3-D visualization can be applied to GPS aided aerial photography. 4. The sun's altitude and DTM can be used to simulate shadows in images, which is useful for selecting proper time for acquiring aerial photos in order to minimize the shadow effect in mountain areas.

關鍵字

數值地形模型,地理資訊系統,航線設計,三維視覺

Keywords

digital terrain model (DTM),geographic information system (GIS) planning aerial photography,3-D visualization

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-43-70

Pages:

71-82

論文名稱

「科技短文」應用機載多光譜遙測資料預估水稻產量之研究

Title

Applying Airborne Multi-spectral Remotely Sensed

作者

劉振榮;林唐煌;黃世任;郭宗華

Author

Gin-Rong Liu;Tang-Huang Lin;Shih-Jen Huang;Tsung-Hua Kuo

中文摘要

本研究之主要目的為應用先期所建置之直昇機載多頻譜觀測系統,針對台中縣霧峰鄉行政院農委會農業試驗所試驗田區,配合2002年水稻的兩個生長週期,分別於分蘗期、孕穗期及糊熟期進行觀測,獲取水稻不同生長週期之地面高解析遙測資料,以提供水稻生育狀態與環境相關研究,及田間水汽蒸散空間變異分佈等即時監測模式之研發與應用。另一方面,藉由分析水稻之遙測光譜資料與產量間之關係,分別建立水稻孕穗期及糊熟期產量之預估模式,並應用於2002年兩期稻作之產量估算,均獲得非常合理之產量預估及空間之分佈,顯示本研究方法之可行性及實用性均高,對於台灣地區精準農耕體系之發展有相當的幫助。後續之研究重點為持續收集較長生育期的相關資料,以建立更精確之水稻產量預估模式。

Abstract

The high-resolution and high-mobility remote sensing system mounted on helicopters had been completed. By using the observation data of airborne multi-spectral system, a rapid and accurate assessment of relevant information regarding the rice yield and growth stages can be provided for pertinent researches and applications, such as the effects caused by insects or variable rates of nitrogen fertilizer application. The main aim of this paper was to develop a quasi real-time evaluating model for yield prediction in high-resolution scale based upon rice information of spatial variation and dynamic growth status. The results showed that the distribution of predicted yield with airborne multi-spectral observations was very reasonable when compared with the ground truth. Thus, applying airborne multi-spectral data for yield prediction is very practical and is helpful to the precision agriculture management system.

關鍵字

機載多頻譜系統,水稻生長期,水稻產量

Keywords

airborne multi-spectral,yield prediction,precision agriculture

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-71-82

Pages:

83-98

論文名稱

「科技短文」合成口徑雷達衛星影像應用於颱風時河道狀態之監測

Title

Satellite SAR Images Used to Monitor the River Basin During Typhoon Period

作者

曾煥君;王志添;許明光;陳錕山

Author

Hwan-Juin Tseng;Chi-Tien Wang;Ming-Kuang Hsu;Kun-Shan Chen

中文摘要

本研究將颱風期間濁水溪流域的SAR影像,與同一地區颱風前的SAR影像套疊,比較颱風前後影像間的訊號差異,找出颱風期間河川因高流量而造成河道水面變化的情況,並以濁水溪沿岸瓜田的淹水情形來驗證。由於現場調查是在災後6個月進行的,大水早已退去,無法判別洪水曾經淹過的河道。因此本研究採用三種方法驗證淹水狀況。一、由SAR影像發現地表有水與無水訊號差異門檻值約為6dB,用此門檻值檢驗疑似洪水淹過的河道;二、利用颱風期間濁水溪之水位資料,推算該地區衛星通過時的可能水位,檢驗疑似洪水淹過的河道;三、訪談當地瓜農,疑似洪水淹過的河道在颱風期間是否淹水。根據此三種資料發現,在颱風期間疑似洪水淹過的河道確實淹過水。由本研究的結果發現,颱風期間合成孔徑雷達(SAR),較不受降雨等因素影響,得以快速取得地面資訊,且可有效用於監測河道水面及水位變化,藉以掌握颱風時河道的洪水狀態。此方法可推廣用於其他大面積淹水的監測。

Abstract

Typhoon Babs invaded Taiwan from October 25 to 27, 1998. Strong rainfall damaged Taiwan seriously. The flooding in watermelon farm along the Cho-Shuei River is one of the cases. We tried a new approach to monitor the flood in Cho-Shuei River basin. In this study, RADARSAT-1 SAR images of Cho-Shuei River basin before and during typhoon Babs in the same region were collected and compared to determine where the flood was occurred. Because the field survey was carried out about 6 months after the disaster, a third ERS-2 SAR image was requested to quantitatively determine whether there was water-covered area or not. It is found that the threshold of microwave backscatter difference is around 6dB. Other methods were also used to examine the area where flooding was suspected. The hydrological data collected during Typhoon Babs were plugged into a simple hydrological model to calculate the water level during the typhoon. The results are consistent with the SAR observations. Finally, local farmers were interviewed and their descriptions supported our conclusions. It is concluded that the SAR images is an effective tool on river basin flooding monitoring. The method may be extended to monitor flooding in urban area or coastal area.

關鍵字

河道監測,SAR,颱風

Keywords

River Basin monitoring,SAR,Typhoon

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200312-8-4-83-98

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