ENGLISH

9卷/4期

9卷/4期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-11

論文名稱

模擬華衛二號影像應用於地理資訊系統萃取資料之研究

Title

A Study on GIS Data Extraction Using Simulated ROCSAT-2 Image

作者

張志立;蕭國鑫;吳啓南;徐偉城;廖子毅;陳正興

Author

Chih-Li Chang;Kuo-Hsing Hsiao;Chi-Nan Wu;Wei-Chen Hsu;Tzu-Yi Liao;Jeng-Shing Chern

中文摘要

本研究使用IKONOS衛星之多光譜與全色態波段影像,經過影像融合後,產生1*1公尺空間解像力的IKONOS彩色影像;其次配合控制點座標、DEM與地形圖資料進行幾何糾正,以產生符合一萬分之一比例尺精度的正射影像;再以NOAA AVHRR 7的點擴散函數,經尺度調整後,將IKONOS正射影像模擬成華衛二號衛星2*2公尺空間解像力的彩色融合影像。應用此模擬影像,經由人工判釋萃取土地利用/覆蓋資訊,建立向量資料圖層及其屬性,再與SPOT影像萃取之GIS資料進行比較與分析,目的為評估未來中華二號衛星影像進行GIS資料萃取之能力。結果顯示利用模擬的華衛二號資料及SPOT資料均可判釋出內政部國土利用分類層級第一級與第二級分類之十五項,分辨結果大致相同;其中稻作面積相當一致,但是對於分辨旱作的面積則差異約達30%,而第三級土地利用/覆蓋分類共七項僅能由模擬資料辨識,本研究稻作辨識率初步已達實用要求之90%;另外藉助於華衛二號衛星影像的高空間解析能力,亦可輔助劃定及更新耕地坵塊邊界。

Abstract

The IKONOS data were adopted to simulate ROCSAT-2 image. Firstly, a 1*1 m^2 fused image was produced using the IKONOS XS and Panchromatic imagery. Next, the image was geometrically rectified using GCPs, existing DEM and contour maps. Then, the Point Spread Function of NOAA AVHRR 7 was adjusted to resample the IKONOS ortho-image and generate the simulated ROCSAT-2 data with the spatial resolution of 2*2 m^2, which was manually interpreted and the land use/cover GIS information was extracted. The results were compared with that obtained from SPOT image. It shows that fifteen categories under Classes Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ of Land Use and Cover Classification are identified from simulated ROCSAT-2 and SPOT-4 image data. The areas of rice paddy identified from the two image data are in good correlation, but the areas of arid farmland differ by about 30%. Additionally seven categories under Class Ⅲ can by identified from the ROCSAT-2 data only. Most significant is the accuracy of crop identification, which achieves the critical value of 90%. Consequently, ROCSAT-2 will be a good data source not only for GIS data extraction but also for updating the existing paddy and other GIS maps.

關鍵字

中華衛星二號,地理資訊,土地利用/覆蓋

Keywords

ROCSAT-Ⅱ,Simulated image,Data extraction

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-1-12

Pages:

13-20

論文名稱

以現有正射影像與DTM資料解算外方位參數

Title

Automatic Exterior Image Orientation Using Existing Orthoimage and DTM

作者

楊靈峰;廖揚清

Author

Leng-Feng Yang;Yang-Cheng Liao

中文摘要

航照像片之外方位參數求定一直是攝影測量中相當基本的課題,隨著電腦科技的進步,配合影像處理技術,許多數值航測的工作可以朝著自動化的方向發展。對於較小的區域範圍,若能利用現有的資料,將區域內已經變遷的地貌局部更新,而非以一般數值航測的方式進行,勢必可以節省時間與人力。對於有部分變遷的航攝影像,在本研究中,利用了區域匹配與蒙地卡羅方法,來設計一套半自動求解該航攝影像外方位之作業流程,並可在個人電腦上操作。藉由此方式,求定了該航攝影像的外方位最或是值之後,再配合DTM資料,來進行該地區的正射影像更新,並且其結果可達到與一般數值航測作業相同之之精度要求。

Abstract

Determination of aerial photo orientation is very fundamental issue in photogrammetry. Along with the developments of computer science and join in image-processing technology, many works in digital photogrammetry can be automatically accomplished. As for smaller area, we can update changed terrain features by using the existing data not by using AT on analytical plotter that should be saving much time and human resources. Concerning some partial changes in aerial images, we used Monte Carlo method with area-based matching technique and design a semiautomatic operation procedure which can perform on PC. By determination of aerial image orientation and DTM, we can update the existing orthoimage. And the accuracy of experience result is equal to the accuracy of digital photogrammetry.

關鍵字

正射影像,數值地形模型,蒙地卡羅法,局部更新

Keywords

Orthoimage,DTM,Monte Carlo method,Local Regeneration

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-13-20

Pages:

21-34

論文名稱

應用數位航測技術探討南仁山生態保護區林分高生長量

Title

Estimating Stand Height Growth of Nanjenshan Ecological Reserve with Digital Photogrammetry Techniques

作者

吳守從;陳永寬

Author

Shou-Tsung Wu;Yeong-Kuan Chen

中文摘要

林分高生長量能有效反應生態系中植群社會變化狀態,亦可作爲立地位級之指標。因此,不僅爲森林經營上重要探討課題,在植群保育上更具有其生態意義。本研究就墾丁國家公園不同時期(1976年、1989年、1997年)之航空照片,使用Imagine 8.5數位航測軟體,制作南仁山生態保護區之數值表面模型,經統計分析比較其高差,探討不同干擾各時期之林分高生長量,以了解不同干擾因子對於林分高生長量之影響。本研究使用航空照片配合像片基本圖,於每一像片對上三期地貌皆未改變處,選取平均分佈之明顯地物點四點,做爲地面控制點。先於數位影像上量測各點照片座標,再攜GPS至現場測量其地面座標。空中三角測量評差結果,精度足以應用於大面積自然資源調查。經制作各時期數值表面模型,並調查地面樣區,分析探討林分高生長量動態變化結果,時間間隔較長者,其資料較時間間隔短者可靠;就南仁山生態保護區而言,不同干擾因子對於整體植群之林分高生長量具有不同之影響。本文研究結果未來將與保護區植群社會地景生態變遷研究結合,俾便探討南仁山生態保護區之經營管理。

Abstract

The stand height growth of ecosystem can be indicated the vegetation dynamics and site quality, so to discuss this issue is very important for forest management and vegetation conservation. This study using aerial photos of three representative years (1976, 1989 and 1997) as materials, then making the digital surface model (DSM) by using the digital photogrammetry technique. And in order to discuss the impacts of different factors, using the 't-test' to compare the stand height growth of different disturbed area in Nanjenshan Ecological Reserve. The RMS errors of aerotriangulation in this research are as follows: X- coordinate is 1.09m, Y-coordinate is 1.28m, Z- value is 1.45m (1976); X- coordinate is 0.56m, Y- coordinate is 0.89m, Z- value is 1.14m (1989); X- coordinate is 0.27m, Y- coordinate is 0.54m, Z- value is 0.89m (1997). Although the results as above are not in precision, but for large-scale natural resource management, these data are good enough. Otherwise, for discussing the dynamics of stand height growth, using the long interval data (1976 to 1989 and 1976 to 1997) is better than using the short interval data (1989 to 1997). The results of t-test also show that the different factors got different influences in stand height growth. So, when making management strategy, the administration should consider every situation. If the results of this research can be integrated with the dynamics of vegetation physiognomy and the dynamics of canopy density, it will be helpful for the management of Nanjenshan Ecological Reserve.

關鍵字

數位航空測量,林分高生長量,動態變化,南仁山生態保護區

Keywords

Digital photogrammetry,Stand height growth,Ecosystem dynamics,Nanjenshan Ecological Reserve

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-21-34

Pages:

35-46

論文名稱

航空照片應用於大鵬灣土地利用變遷之研究

Title

A Study on the Land-Use Change Detection Using Aerial Photograph

作者

黃國楨;鍾玉龍;林美雲;李久先

Author

Kwo-Jern Hwung;Yuh-Lurng Chung;Mei-Yun Lin;Joou-Shian Lee

中文摘要

近年來由於人口膨脹,都市化程度速度隨之加快,以致於土地利用的型態轉變亦隨之加速。航空照片屬於高解析度的影像資料,其在不同的土地利用型態上會有不同的影像性質,故常被應用於土地利用變遷監測之工具。本研究利用民國65、76、86年三個時期的航空照片,透過掃描、正射糾正、影像接合、判釋、數化、套疊分析,與地理資訊系統互相配合,以監測大鵬灣地區過去二十一年間之土地利用變遷的時間、空間的變化情形。研究結果顯示,大鵬灣地區從民國65年至民國86年之二十一年間,漁塭及建成各增加了242.05ha及75.81ha,植生減少了300.55ha,沙灘海岸線亦有位移情形。值得注意的是研究區為一潟湖地形的砂質海岸,早期灣畔紅樹林密佈,現已呈現零星分佈。

Abstract

In the last 21 years, the study area has been influenced by population increasing and the full extent of urbanization. Owing to the aerial photograph has higher spatial resolution than other image data, and in different land use type has diverse image characteristic presenting, it is suitable for land use change detection tools. We used the three period aerial photograph (1976, 1987, 1997) of Tapeng Bay, processing with scanning, ortho-rectification, image assembling, photo interpretation, digitizing, overlay analysis, and assist with GIS facility to monitoring the temporal, spatial land use change detection during the past 21 years. The results show that from 1976 to 1997, the area of fish ponds and urban are increasing 242.05ha and 75.81ha respectively; vegetation decreasing 300.55ha, and beach line had shift condition. It is ought to be pay attention that the Tapeng Bay is a arenaceous coast, in early change there are plenty of mangrove,and because of the dramatic land use change there are fragmentary distribution now.

關鍵字

航空照片,正射糾正,套疊分析,土地利用,變遷監測

Keywords

Aerial Photograph,Ortho Rectification Overlay Analysis,Land-use,Change Detection

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-35-46

Pages:

47-70

論文名稱

一個新穎的方法實現高光譜監督式遙測影像分類

Title

A Novel Approach to Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification

作者

張陽郎;韓欽銓;范國清;陳錕山

Author

Yang-Lang Chang;Chin-Chuan Han;Kuo-Chin Fan;K. S. Chen

中文摘要

「高光譜」遙測影像(Hyperspectral Imagery)為遙測影像之先進技術,遙測影像頻譜解析度由原數個頻譜解析度的一般感測器、至數十個頻譜解析度之「多頻譜感測器」(Multispectral)、到數百個頻譜解析度的「高光譜感測器」(Hyperspectral)、乃至於數千個頻譜解析度之「超高光譜感測器」(Ultraspectral) , 持續地進步演進著。「高光譜」解析度感測器已廣泛應用於衛星遙測影像之識別、醫學影像的診斷、工業產品之檢驗、飛機及其他精密機器設備之非破害性檢查等應用上,「高光譜」遙測影像技術業已成為遙測影像中一個新興且重要的研究領域。本文提出一個適用於「高光譜」遙測影像分類的新演算法,主要有兩個實現步驟,第一個步驟為「貪婪模組特徵空間」(Greedy Modular Eigenspaces),第二為「布林濾波器」(Positive Boolean Function)。藉由校正過後的完整台灣『高光譜』遙測影像資料,以及實地測量的地表真實資料,來實際證明「貪婪模組特徵空間」的方法提供了一個絕佳的特徵抽取方式,並為一個最適合「布林濾波器」分類方法的前處理器。本文詳細討論「貪婪模組特徵空間」演算法之推導、完整描述「布林濾波器」的基礎理論,以及詳細分析他們之間的關係,並針對二者的特性加以推演,提出適用於一般「高維資料」(High-Dimensional Data)資料分類的解決方法。最後經由實驗驗證並與其他傳統「多頻譜感測器」遙測影像資料分類方法作一比較,印證了本方法非常適用於「高維資料」分類的特性。

Abstract

This paper presents a new supervised classification technique for hyperspectral imagery, which consists of two algorithms, referred to as greedy modular eigenspace (GME) and positive Boolean function (PBF). The GME method is designed to extract features by a simple and efficient GME feature module. The GME makes use of the data correlation matrix to reorder spectral bands from which a group of feature eigenspaces can be generated to reduce dimensionality. It can be implemented as a feature extractor to generate a particular feature eigenspace for each of the material classes present in hyperspectral data. The residual reconstruction errors (RRE) are then calculated by projecting the samples into different individual GME-generated modular eigenspaces. The PBF is further developed for classification. It is a stack filter built by using the binary RRE as classifier parameters for supervised training. It implements the minimum classification error (MCE) as a criterion so as to improve classification performance. It utilizes the positive and negative sample learning ability of the MCE criteria to improve classification accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER) images for land cover classification during the Pacrim II campaign. Experimental results demonstrate that the GME feature extractor suits the nonlinear PBF-based multi-class classifier well for classification preprocessing. The proposed approach is not only an effective method for land cover classification in earth remote sensing but also dramatically improves the eigen-decomposition computational complexity compared to the conventional principal components analysis (PCA).

關鍵字

主軸分析,高光譜監督式分類,貪婪模組特徵空間,布林函數,堆疊濾波器

Keywords

principal components analysis (PCA),hyperspectral supervised classification,greedy modular eigenspaces(GME),positive Boolean function(PBF),stack filter

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-47-70

Pages:

71-81

論文名稱

「科技短文」台灣地區預測降雨率模式之比較

Title

Comparisons of Rain Rate Prediction Models

作者

曾裕強;周念湘

Author

Y. C. Tzeng;N. S. Chou

中文摘要

為了得到較高的通訊容量以及使用較小的天線尺寸,衛星通訊的頻率不斷地提高。然而,當通訊頻率高於10GHz時,降雨衰減將使得衛星與地面接收站間的通訊品質大為降低。故如何準確地預測降雨衰減並予以補償,對衛星通訊而言是一項極為重要的研究課題。而目前常用的各種預測降雨衰減模式,均假設為降雨率之函數。因此欲準確地預測降雨衰減,首先需能準確地預測降雨率。本研究之目的即在於以台灣地區之降雨資料來比較各種預測降雨率之模式,以期能找出最適合台灣地區之預測降雨率模式,並提供預測降雨衰減及補償之基礎。研究結果顯示,對於台灣地區而言Rice-Holmberg模式是降雨率預測模式中較佳的選擇。

Abstract

The operating frequency of satellite communications is continuously increased to gain wider bandwidth and smaller size of antennas. However, when the operating frequency is higher than 10 GHz, the quality of the earth-satellite communication links may be seriously degraded by rain fading effects. Therefore, how to predict and compensate the rain fading effects accurately is a very important issue for satellite communications. Presently, all the popular rain fade prediction models are assumed to be functions of rain rate. Hence, to predict rain rate accurately is the first step to get an accurate rain fade prediction. This paper is devoted to compare the applicability of all proven rain rate prediction models upon applying the rain rate data measured in Taiwan. Experimental results indicate that Rice-Holmberg model is the most suitable rain rate prediction model in Taiwan area.

關鍵字

衛星通訊,降雨率,降雨衰減

Keywords

satellite communications,rain rate,rain fade

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

200412-9-4-71-81

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