ENGLISH

3 卷 / 3 期

3 卷 / 3 期

華藝線上圖書館

Pages:

1-19

論文名稱

數據整合方法應用於SPOT衛星影像之分析研究

Title

A Study on the Data Fusion for SPOT Multispectral and Panchromatic Imagery

作者

謝嘉聲 , 史天元

Author

Chia-Sheng Hsieh , Tian -Yuan Shih

中文摘要

隨同電腦影像處理、分析及地理資訊系統之技術發展,多樣性資料整合的應用,已日趨重要。其中法國 SPOT 衛星配備有多光譜型 XS 及全色態 PAN兩種感測器,帶給土地利用及研究分析者一個很好的資訊來源,所以本文就以SPOT 衛星為試驗對象,進行不同整合方法的比較研究。本研究針對色彩模型轉換法、主軸分析法、高頻通過濾波法及輻射量度法等四種方法進行探討,並以相關係數法、均方根誤差法、影像像元灰值差異法、熵值法、灰值分佈圖及視覺評估法來評估整合結果。

Abstract

The integration of different data sources in GIS has received incressing emphasis as a result of new development in computer and GIS technology. The integration of various data sets to fully utulize complementary information has become an important component. Four integrating methods, namely, colour space transformation, principle component analysis, high pass filter and radiometric method, are investigated. To evaluate the result of different merging method, six measures are used. They are visual inspection, correlation, root mean square error, difference of two images, entropy values and the histogram comparison.

關鍵字

地理資訊系統,資料整合,色彩模型

Keywords

GIS, Integration, Colour Space

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199809-3-3-1-19

Pages:

21-38

論文名稱

以存續式語言發展整合型地理資料庫之研究

Title

The Development of an Integrated Geographic Database with Persistent Programming Languages

作者

陳芳進 , 郭英俊

Author

Fung-Geng Chen , Ying-Jean Kuo

中文摘要

隨著電腦科技之發展,地理資訊系統(Geographic Information Systems GIS) 之發展趨勢逐漸朝向整合型系統。整合型地理資訊系統 Integrated Geographic Information Systems, IGIS) 將向量式 (vector) 與網格式 (raster) 資料整合於同一系統中,使系統能提供更廣泛之功能。本文針對整合型地理資訊系統的需求及向量式與網格式地理資料的特性,設計適當之資料模式與資料結構,將向量式與網格式資料整合於同一資料庫系統中,並利用存續式資料庫程式語言 (Persistent Database Programming Languages) 開發一整合型地理資料庫原型系統。本文以實際地理資料測試此資料庫原型系統的性能,實驗結果證實此整合型資料庫可支援單獨顯示向量或網格資料或將兩者套疊於同一視窗中,並能對地理物件進行向量、網格、屬性資料之查詢。研究成果顯示本文所設計之整合型地理資料庫系統已具備良好的向量、網格及屬性資料的管理功能,可提供未來進一步發展整合型地理資訊系統時使用。

Abstract

As computer technology progresses, the development of GISs tends to combine vector and raster functionalities into an integrated system to provide more extensive function. In this study, the requirement for an integrated GIS and the characteristics of vector and raster data were taken into account to analyze and design an integrated geographic database. The geographic database is based on an object-based data model with appropriate data structures for holding both vector and raster data. Furthermore, a prototyped geographic database system for IGIS was implemented using persistent database program­ming languages. Real geographic data was used to test the capability and performance of the proto­typed geographic database system. The experimental results of this research show that the integrated database can display vector and raster data separately or have the superimposition of them in a window. The prototyped database system can also support information queries for the vector 、 raster or attribute data of geographic objects. The paper concludes that the proposed approach for the design of an integrated geographic database is capable of managing varied geographic data in a single database environment, and the designed database may be used as a foundation for the further development of an inte­grated GIS.

關鍵字

地理資訊系統、地理資訊整合、存續式程式語言

Keywords

geographic information systems, integration of geographic information, persistent programming languages

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199809-3-3-21-38

Pages:

39-66

論文名稱

應用微波資料估計臺灣附近地區降雨之研究

Title

Using Microwave to Estimate Rainfall Near Taiwan Areas

作者

王光華 , 劉振榮

Author

Kuang-Hwa Wang , Gin-Rong Liu

中文摘要

應用微波於大氣遙測是近年來衛星遙測的一大技術突破,因為微波可以提供了更多的大氣降雨資訊,並且廣範的應用於全球降雨量的研究。本研究目的在提出降雨估計方法並改善降雨估計準確率、以利防災工作。由於影響微波傳遞的因子很多,如地面發射率、大氣溫度、雲、高、水汽含量、液態水含量、冰晶含量、雨量及這些因子的垂直分佈等。SSM/I的資料僅有7個頻道,求解這麼多非線性相關的未知數是很複雜的問題。本研究配合GMS衛星及探空資料求得雲高、大氣溫度、結冰高度、冰晶含量,再由SSM/I資料以統計方法求得海上風速、液態水總含量、水汽含量等來設定大氣初始條件。反演方法則假設大氣的水在垂直方向是以指數形態分佈,修改原來的線性聯立物理反演法為非線性反演法,並以SVD求極小值的解。因為衛星與地面雨量觀測在特性上有很大的不同,為了資料的驗證,假設雨量是lognormal分佈而採用面積時間積分法求陸地的面積雨量,海上使用雷達資料和衛星的反演結果做比較。使用臺灣地區一整年的降雨案例。研究結果顯示本研究的模式方法在大部份的雨量反演結果的精確度確實比過去一般的統計法好。在颱風賀伯的案例中顯示當風速高於每秒30 公尺及雨量在50mm/hr以上時對於微波估計降雨會造成較大的偏差,表示可能已接近微波輻射儀的飽和狀態,大雨則受到地形的影響。

Abstract

Microwaves from satellites can be used for rainfall rate retrieval by two different methods -- a statistical based algorithm or a physical based algorithm. Until now the statistical based algorithm has been more frequently applied because it is less complicated. However, the physical based algorithm provides the best method to reduce estimation retrieval bias. It can be simplified by reducing the number of unknown parameters such as surface emissivity, water vapor content, temperature profile, and cloud height. GMS infered data and RAOB data were used to estimated some atmospheric parameter and which were treated as known parameters. The most uncertain factor is surface emissivity over land which was resolved by NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index). Of the many physical based methods, the nonlinear simultaneous algorithm of determining rainfall rates proved to be the best. Rain gauge data over land was compared with satellite retrieved data. Area rainfall rate determined by the ATI (Area Time Integral) method was considered as ground true. The accuracy of the rainfall retrieval results in whole 1996 near Taiwan area were compared, most of nonlinear retrieval method are better than SI method which is the best statistical method in Taiwan area. The accuracy of stratus rain rate estimation was worse than cumulus rain rate estimation because cloud structure was difficult to determine and the cumulus pattern was assumed is all cases. Also when instant wind speed exceeded 30m/s and rainfall rate was over 50mm/hr, SSM/I rain information was reduced for it is close to instrument saturation.

關鍵字

微波、降雨量、SSM/I

Keywords

Microwave, Rainfall, SSM/I

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199809-3-3-39-66

Pages:

67-78

論文名稱

空照及衛星影像解析度與製圖比例尺之關係

Title

On the Relations between Image Resolution and Map Scale

作者

史天元

Author

Tian-Yuan Shih

中文摘要

不論是使用衛星影像或航空照片從事製圖工作,製圖比例尺與影像之比例尺間均有一定之關係。本文之目的在回顧推求照片比例尺之 C-factor 等作業推估模式,並介紹「相對判釋品質」 (RIQ) 指標之概念,期盼能對影像與製圖之解析度、比例尺間之關係有所探討。並進一步介紹由 RIQ 發展之數位影像評估指標: RDQ 。

Abstract

The relations between the scale of a map to be produced and the scale of the source image, are important factors for both economic and quality aspects of mapping. In this article, a new index, RIQ (Relative Interpretation Quality) and its digital counterpart, RDQ (Relative Digital Quality), are investigated. The traditional C-factor and the empirical equation are also used for comparison.

關鍵字

製圖比例尺、C-factor、相對判釋品質指標

Keywords

Map Scale, C-factor, RIQ

附件檔名

華芸線上圖書館

N / A

備註說明

199809-3-3-67-78

更多活動學刊